Tissue sections from the liver were also immunostained for VWF using an automated staining system (Dako Cytomation, Carpinteria, CA, USA). Briefly, antigen was first retrieved by incubating tissue sections in a sodium citrate buffer (10 mM, pH 6.0) containing 0.05% Tween-20 for 20 min. The sections were quenched of endogenous peroxidase activity by 0.3% hydrogen peroxide (15 min) and blocked with a serum-free protein blocking solution for 5 min. They were then incubated with either a rabbit anti-VWF (Agilent Dako, Santa Clara, CA USA), mouse anti-fibrin (Agilent Dako), or control IgG for 60 min at room temperature, followed by extensive washing with Tris buffer saline (pH 7.6). The sections were incubated with Envision anti-rabbit or anti-mouse HRP polymers (Agilent Dako) for 30 min, followed by 8 min incubation with DAB substrate (Agilant Dako). After being counterstained in Hematoxylin, the sections were mounted with Cytoseal.
Automated staining system
The Automated Staining System is a laboratory equipment designed to perform automated slide staining. It automates the staining process, providing consistent and reproducible results.
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Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Liver Tissue
Tissue sections from the liver were also immunostained for VWF using an automated staining system (Dako Cytomation, Carpinteria, CA, USA). Briefly, antigen was first retrieved by incubating tissue sections in a sodium citrate buffer (10 mM, pH 6.0) containing 0.05% Tween-20 for 20 min. The sections were quenched of endogenous peroxidase activity by 0.3% hydrogen peroxide (15 min) and blocked with a serum-free protein blocking solution for 5 min. They were then incubated with either a rabbit anti-VWF (Agilent Dako, Santa Clara, CA USA), mouse anti-fibrin (Agilent Dako), or control IgG for 60 min at room temperature, followed by extensive washing with Tris buffer saline (pH 7.6). The sections were incubated with Envision anti-rabbit or anti-mouse HRP polymers (Agilent Dako) for 30 min, followed by 8 min incubation with DAB substrate (Agilant Dako). After being counterstained in Hematoxylin, the sections were mounted with Cytoseal.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MMR Proteins
Tumor Progression and Immunoregulation Analysis
Signs of macroscopic or microscopic pulmonary metastasis, liver weight, proliferative index (PI) (Ki-67, Master Diagnostica, Granada, Spain) and expression of β-catenin (Dako, Madrid, Spain).
Characterization of non-parenchymal cells and other factors related with inflammation or immunoregulation: Kupffer cells (KCs) (anti-rat CD68, Millipore, Madrid, Spain), COX-2 (Thermo, Madrid, Spain), arginase-1 (Santa Cruz Biotech.) and T-CD3 lymphocytes (Dako).
Vasculogenic factors: expression of VEGF (Abcam, Cambirge, UK) and HIF1-α (Santa Cruz Biotech., California, USA).
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