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3 protocols using automated staining system

1

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Liver Tissue

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Liver sections were first deparaffinized and hydrated through a series of washing steps from alcohol to distilled water. They were sequentially stained first with Gill II hematoxylin for 3 min and then Eosin Y for 45 s. The stained slides were washed in 95% alcohol, dehydrated, cleared in xylene, and mounted using Cytoseal.
Tissue sections from the liver were also immunostained for VWF using an automated staining system (Dako Cytomation, Carpinteria, CA, USA). Briefly, antigen was first retrieved by incubating tissue sections in a sodium citrate buffer (10 mM, pH 6.0) containing 0.05% Tween-20 for 20 min. The sections were quenched of endogenous peroxidase activity by 0.3% hydrogen peroxide (15 min) and blocked with a serum-free protein blocking solution for 5 min. They were then incubated with either a rabbit anti-VWF (Agilent Dako, Santa Clara, CA USA), mouse anti-fibrin (Agilent Dako), or control IgG for 60 min at room temperature, followed by extensive washing with Tris buffer saline (pH 7.6). The sections were incubated with Envision anti-rabbit or anti-mouse HRP polymers (Agilent Dako) for 30 min, followed by 8 min incubation with DAB substrate (Agilant Dako). After being counterstained in Hematoxylin, the sections were mounted with Cytoseal.
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2

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MMR Proteins

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Immunohistochemical staining for MMR proteins was performed, using a primary antibody to MLH1 (clone G168–15; Biocare Medical, Concord, CA), MSH2 (clone FE11; Biocare Medical), MSH6 (clone BC/44; Biocare Medical), or PMS2 (clone A16–4; Biocare Medical), and a polymer detection system (Dako, Carpinteria, CA) on an automated staining system (Dako), on the sections (5 μm thick) from the prostate TMA, as described previously.[16 (link)] All stains were quantified independently by 2 pathologists (MS and HM) who were blinded to sample identity. Convincing nuclear staining of each protein in at least 1% of tumor cells was considered to be positive. Cases with discrepancies in the positivity were re-reviewed simultaneously by the 2 pathologists until a consensus was reached.
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3

Tumor Progression and Immunoregulation Analysis

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Fixed samples were processed, paraffin-embedded, 4μm-sectioned and stained with a standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). For tumor progression in inoculated groups, the following parameters were taken into account:

Signs of macroscopic or microscopic pulmonary metastasis, liver weight, proliferative index (PI) (Ki-67, Master Diagnostica, Granada, Spain) and expression of β-catenin (Dako, Madrid, Spain).

Characterization of non-parenchymal cells and other factors related with inflammation or immunoregulation: Kupffer cells (KCs) (anti-rat CD68, Millipore, Madrid, Spain), COX-2 (Thermo, Madrid, Spain), arginase-1 (Santa Cruz Biotech.) and T-CD3 lymphocytes (Dako).

Vasculogenic factors: expression of VEGF (Abcam, Cambirge, UK) and HIF1-α (Santa Cruz Biotech., California, USA).

PI, KCs and T-CD3 lymphocyte quantities were estimated by averaging positive cell numbers in 10x high power fields (400x). All immunohistochemical procedures were performed by using an automated staining system (Dako), in accordance with the manufacturer protocols.
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