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5 protocols using fitc conjugated pna

1

Retinal Wholemount and Cryosection Staining

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Enucleated eyes were fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde (4°C) after removing the cornea from each eye. Retinal whole mounts or sections were prepared as described previously (Li et al., 2011 (link)). Sequentially, retinal whole mounts and cryosections were permeated with 0.1% Triton X-100, rinsed in 0.1 M PBS, and blocked in 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA). FITC-conjugated PNA (1:400; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) was used to identify the interphotoreceptor matrix sheath that surrounds the cone outer segments. The specimens were incubated in M-or S-opsin primary antibodies (1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) overnight at 4°C. The retinas were washed 3 times with PBS and incubated with IgG secondary antibody tagged with Alexa-594 (molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) diluted 1:500 in PBS at room temperature for 1 hour. The nuclei were stained with 4’, 6-diamidino-2- phenylindole. Retinal whole mounts and sections were mounted with coverslips for imaging by fluorescence microscopy. In retinal whole mounts, M-or S-opsins were manually counted 0.3 mm ventral to the optic nerve (Dai et al., 2016 (link)) within one field (53,652 μm2) at high magnification (*40).
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2

Quantifying Allograft Vasculopathy and Germinal Centers

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Formalin-fixed hearts were paraffin mounted and stained using H&E and Weigert’s Elastin van Gieson method to delineate the internal elastic lamina and the severity of allograft vasculopathy assessed morphometrically, as reported previously (Motallebzadeh et al., 2012 (link)). Complement C4d deposition was assessed on 7-μm cryostat sections of donor heart allografts explanted after 50 days by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique (Vector Laboratories), using unconjugated rat anti-mouse C4 mAb (16D2; Abcam), as described previously (Win et al., 2009 (link)). GCs were quantified on 7-μm cryostat sections of recipient spleens harvested 50 days following transplant by immunofluorescence staining of B220+ B cells using rat anti-mouse B220 (clone RA3-6B2; BD Pharmingen) detected with Cy3-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (clone 112-165-143, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories) and peanut agglutinin (PNA)+ GC B cells using FITC-conjugated PNA (Vector Laboratories), as described previously (Conlon et al., 2012b (link)). Numbers of PNA+ GC were expressed as a percentage of total (B220+) lymphoid follicles.
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3

Monoclonal Antibodies for Immune Cell Analysis

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Monoclonal Abs specific for human CD3 (clone OKT3), and mouse CD3 (clone 145-2C11), -CD28 (clone 37.51), -CTLA-4 (clone UC10-4B9) or -ICOS (clone C398.4A) were purchased from Biolegend CA, as was phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-CD150/SLAMf1 (clone TC15-12F12.2). Fluorophore-conjugated anti-CD4 (mouse: clone RM4-5; human: clone RPA-T4), -CD8a (clone 53-6.7), -CD19 (mouse: clone eBio1D3; human: clone HIB19), -CD25 (clone PC61), -CD40L (clone MR1), -CD44 (clone IM7), -CD45.1 (clone A20), -CD62L (clone MEL-14), -GL7 (clone GL-7), -IgD (clone 11-26) and -PD1 (mouse: clone J43; human: clone J105) Abs were obtained from eBioscience, CA. Anti-mouse CXCR5 (mouse: clone 2G8; human: clone RF8B2), biotinylated anti-CD138 (clone 281-2), FITC-conjugated TCR β-chain (H57-597), phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-Fas/CD95 (clone Jo2) and allophycocyanin-conjugated anti-mouse Bcl6 (clone K112-91) were procured from BD Biosciences, CA. FITC-conjugated PNA was purchased from Vector Laboratories, CA. Monoclonal anti-TBK1 (#3013), -phospho-TBK1 (Ser172) (clone D52C2, #5483), -TRAF2 (#4712), -TRAF3 (#4729), p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204) (clone E10, #9106) and -IKKε (#2690) Abs were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, MA. Monoclonal anti-p85α (sc-1637), -ERK2 (sc-1647) and -TRAF5 (sc-7220) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA. Recombinant IL-2 and IL-7 cytokines were obtained from Biolegend, CA.
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4

Retinal Cone Cell Quantification

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All mice were maintained in accordance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines. Heterozygous Atf6+/− (n = 4) and Atf6−/− (n = 4) mice were sacrificed at 12 months of age, and retinal tissues were collected for retinal whole-mount imaging and molecular analyses. For retinal whole-mount studies, mouse eyes were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min. Eyes were dissected to isolate the retinas. Retinas were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for an additional 10 min, washed three times with PBS and incubated with FITC-conjugated PNA (1:50 dilution; Vector Laboratories) overnight at 4 °C. After several washes in PBS, the retinas were flat mounted and covered by a coverslip after the application of several drops of Antifade solution (Prolong, Invitrogen). Flat-mounted retinas were imaged using a Keyence BZ-9000 Fluorescence Microscope. PNA-positive cone cells were quantified with Keyence BZ image analysis software. The average number of cone cells per mm2 with standard deviation was based on measurements from eight retinas. At least four fields were quantified per retina.
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5

Monoclonal Antibodies for Immune Cell Analysis

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Monoclonal Abs specific for human CD3 (clone OKT3), and mouse CD3 (clone 145-2C11), -CD28 (clone 37.51), -CTLA-4 (clone UC10-4B9) or -ICOS (clone C398.4A) were purchased from Biolegend CA, as was phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-CD150/SLAMf1 (clone TC15-12F12.2). Fluorophore-conjugated anti-CD4 (mouse: clone RM4-5; human: clone RPA-T4), -CD8a (clone 53-6.7), -CD19 (mouse: clone eBio1D3; human: clone HIB19), -CD25 (clone PC61), -CD40L (clone MR1), -CD44 (clone IM7), -CD45.1 (clone A20), -CD62L (clone MEL-14), -GL7 (clone GL-7), -IgD (clone 11-26) and -PD1 (mouse: clone J43; human: clone J105) Abs were obtained from eBioscience, CA. Anti-mouse CXCR5 (mouse: clone 2G8; human: clone RF8B2), biotinylated anti-CD138 (clone 281-2), FITC-conjugated TCR β-chain (H57-597), phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-Fas/CD95 (clone Jo2) and allophycocyanin-conjugated anti-mouse Bcl6 (clone K112-91) were procured from BD Biosciences, CA. FITC-conjugated PNA was purchased from Vector Laboratories, CA. Monoclonal anti-TBK1 (#3013), -phospho-TBK1 (Ser172) (clone D52C2, #5483), -TRAF2 (#4712), -TRAF3 (#4729), p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204) (clone E10, #9106) and -IKKε (#2690) Abs were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, MA. Monoclonal anti-p85α (sc-1637), -ERK2 (sc-1647) and -TRAF5 (sc-7220) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA. Recombinant IL-2 and IL-7 cytokines were obtained from Biolegend, CA.
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