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5 protocols using graphitized carbon black (gcb)

1

Optimizing Cleanup for Improved Recoveries

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In order to improve recoveries provided by the aforementioned procedure, various dSPE sorbents (C18, PSA, GCB; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and sorbent mixtures (C18 + GCB, C18 + PSA, PSA + GCB) were tested during the clean-up step, respectively.
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2

Rapid Quantification of Phytochemicals

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PBZ, CAR, ovalbumin (OVA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), Tween-20, Freund’s adjuvants (complete and incomplete), culture media RPMI-1640, hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine (HAT), hypoxanthine thymidine (HT), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), polyethylene glycol 20,000 (PEG 20,000, 50%), goat anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase (goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP), N-propylethylenediamine (PSA), and graphitized carbon black (GCB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate, N-N dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate, chloroauric acid (HAuCl4), and 3-hydroxytyramine hydrochloride (DA·HCl) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The sample pad, absorbent paper, and polyvinylchloride (PVC) backing pads were purchased from Shanghai Kinbio Tech. Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The nitrocellulose (NC) membrane was purchased from Sartorius Steadi Trading Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Orange, grape, and cabbage mustard samples were purchased from the Tian Hong supermarket, (Nanchang, China). The 96-well polystyrene microplates and 6-well microplates were purchased from NEST Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).
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3

Determination of phthalates in edible oils

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Thirty-six edible vegetable oils were purchased from local markets. Fifteen reference standards of PEAs including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(4-methyl-2-pentyl) phthalate (BMPP), bis(2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate (DEEP), dipentyl phthalate (DPhP), dihexyl phthalate (DHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-n-butoxyethyl) phthalate (DBEP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-n-heptyl phthalate (DnHP), diphenyl phthalate (DPhP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and dinonyl phthalate (DNP) were purchased from Supelco (PA, USA). Octadecyl-silica (C18) and PSA were provided by Agilent (USA), and graphitized carbon black (GCB) was supplied by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, Acetonitrile, and n-hexane were reagents of chromatographic grade (Fisher Scientific, Germany). The analytical reagent grade of NaCl and anhydrous MgSO4 were supplied by Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Ultrasonic apparatus KQ-800KDE (Kunshan, China) was obtained for extraction.
In this study, all glassware was immersed in methanol overnight, then dried at 140 °C for 4 h to avoid cross-contamination with PAEs, and rinsed with methanol before use. Subsequently, blank analysis was performed to test potentially occurring PAE contamination of all reagents and glassware by GC–MS/MS.
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4

Chlorantraniliprole Pesticide Quantification

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The reference standard of CAP (99.50%) was obtained from Dr.Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). A commercial formulation of chlorantraniliprole (CAP) 18.5% SC was procured from the local pesticide shop at Raichur, Karnataka, India. The LC–MS grade organic solvents (methanol and acetonitrile) were purchased from J. T. Baker (NJ, USA) having ≥ 99.50%. HPLC grade water (18.2 MΩ) was collected with a Milli-Q water purification system. Graphitized carbon black (GCB) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich, and analytical grade PSA (Primary secondary amine, 40 μm) was procured from Agilent Technologies India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore. All the standard chemicals and reagents were procured from Himedia, Bengaluru, India.
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5

Pesticide Residue Analysis Methodology

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Pesticide standards of high purity were obtained from Dr Efrenstorfer GmbH(Augsburg, Germany), and Riedel de Haen (Seelze, Germany). This research make use of, as Pesticide standards, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, Fenarimol, permethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, methomyl, imidacloprod, propoxur, bentazon, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2.4 D), azinphos ethyl, tetradifon, methidathion, bromofos, fenitrathion, parathion methyl, dimethoate, monocrotophos, methamidophos. Tetradecane (C14) was considered as internal standard. HPLC-grade acetonitrile, water, Acetone and acetic acid (96%) wereobtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), anhydrous MgSO4(99.5%), Na citrate tribasic dehydrate (99.8%), Na citrate dibasic sesquihydrate (99.7%), NaCl (99.5%), Primary Secondary Amine (PSA) and Graphitized carbon black (GCB) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MI, USA). The formic acid (88% purity) was obtained from J. T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Standard solutions were obtained by appropriate dilution of the stock solutions (1000 mg.L 1 ) in Acetone (which is injected to gas chromatography) and acetonitrile (which is injected to liquid chromatography). These solutions were stored at -25•C.
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