Diltiazem

Adenosine, NS309, KCl, and papaverine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Apamin and TRAM-34 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Diltiazem was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Adenosine stock solution was made every other day, and stock solutions of papaverine and Diltiazem were made weekly and stored at 4°C until use. NS309 and TRAM-34 were diluted in DMSO, and Apamin in double-distilled H₂O, and stock solutions aliquoted and stored at −20 °C until use. Isolated PA experiments were performed using aCSF containing (mM): NaCl 122.0, NaHCO₃ 26.0, NaH₃PO₄ 1.25, KCl 3.0, MgCl₂ 1.0, CaCl₂ 2.0, and glucose 4.0. aCSF with higher concentrations of KCl (8 – 40 mM) were made with reduced amounts of NaCl to maintain constant osmolality. Buffer solutions were made each week and stored without glucose at 4 °C. Glucose was added immediately prior to each experiment. aCSF was aerated with 5 % CO₂, 10 % O₂ and 85 % N₂ to maintain pH at 7.40 ± 0.05 and the temperature within the arteriograph chamber bath was maintained at 37.0 ± 0.2 °C throughout the experiments.

Papaverine, L-NAME, SNP, and U46619 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Diltiazem was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Isolated MCA and VoG experiments were performed using PSS, the ionic composition of which was (in mM) 119.0 NaCl, 24.0 NaHCO₃, 4.7 KCl, 1.18 KH₂PO₄, 1.17 MgSO₄·7H₂O, 1.6 CaCl₂, 0.026 EDTA, and 5.5 glucose. Glucose was added immediately prior to each experiment. PSS was aerated with 5 % CO₂, 10 % O₂ and 85 % N₂ to maintain pH at 7.40 ± 0.05 and the temperature within the arteriograph chamber was maintained at 37.0 ± 0.2 °C throughout the experiments. Buffers were made each week and stored without glucose at 4°C. Aliquots of U46619 were stored in the −20°C until use. Stock solutions of L-NAME, SNP, Diltiazem, and Papaverine were made fresh weekly and stored at 4°C.