Quinic

Acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), TPTZ (2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), acetic acid, phloroglucinol, arbutin, caffeic acid, betulinic, oleanolic and ursolic acid, fructose, glucose, sorbitol and sucrose, and malic, oxalic, citric, shikimic, succinic, and fumaric acids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Quercetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, chlorogenic, quinic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, (+)-catechin, and procyanidin B2 were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Sodium hydroxide (CAS 1310-73-2), iodine (CAS 7553-56-2), and potassium iodide (CAS 7681-11-0) were purchased from CHEMPUR (Piekary Slaskie, Poland).

Acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical), ABTS (2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation), TPTZ (2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), FeCL₃, acetic acid, ganoderic acid A, caffeic acid, and resveratrol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Apigenin 7-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, quinic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids, procyanidin B2, and (-)-epicatechin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). All reagents were of analytical grade. DMEM/F12 (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12), DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium), HBSS (Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution), FBS (fetal bovine serum), UltraGlutamine 1, and gentamicin sulfate were purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). TrypLE Express and MEM (Minimum Essential Media) were from Gibco (Waltham, MA, USA). MTT ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Isopropanol was purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland).