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Maleimide reactive handles

Manufactured by JenKem Technology

Maleimide-reactive handles are a type of lab equipment designed for bioconjugation applications. They provide a reactive group that can form covalent bonds with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, allowing for the attachment of various biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, or small molecules. The core function of these handles is to facilitate the creation of conjugated products for further research and analysis.

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2 protocols using maleimide reactive handles

1

Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-Peptide-DNA Nanosensors

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Multivalent PEG (40 kDa, eight-arm) containing maleimide-reactive handles (JenKem Technology) was dissolved in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and filtered (pore size, 0.2 μm). After filtration, the cysteine-terminated peptide–DNA conjugates were added at 2-fold molar excess to the PEG and reacted for at least 4 h at room temperature. Unconjugated molecules were separated using size-exclusion chromatography with a Superdex 200 Increase 10/300 GL column on an ÄKTA fast protein liquid chromatograph (GE Healthcare). The purified nanosensors were concentrated by spin filters (molecular weight cut-off, 10 kDa; Millipore), and quantified with a Quant-iT OliGreen ssDNA Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Fluorescence was read on a Tecan Infinite Pro M200 Quant-iT plate reader at λex = 485 nm, λem = 535 nm. Particles were stored at 4 °C in PBS. Dynamic light scattering (Zeta Sizer Nanoseries, Malvern Instruments) was used to characterize the hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles. Sequences of DNA-barcoded synthetic urine biomarkers are listed in Supplementary Table 4.
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2

Multivalent PEG Conjugation of Peptides

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Peptides were either synthesized by CPC Scientific, Inc or Tufts Peptide Core. For recombinant enzyme studies, intramoleculary quenched peptides were used (see supplementary table 1). In vivo protease sensitive substrates were synthesized to contain a urinary reporter comprising of a protease resistant D-stereoisomer of Glutamate-Fibrinopeptide B with a ligand handles for urinary detection.
Multivalent PEG (40 kDa, 8-arm) containing maleimide reactive handles (JenKem Technology) was dissolved in PBS. Dissolved particles were filtered (pore size: 0.2 μm). After filtration, the cysteine terminated peptides were added at 20-fold excess to the PEG and reacted for at least one hour. Unconjugated peptide was filtered using fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC, GE Healthcare) or by spin-filters (MWCO = 10 kDa, Millipore). Size measurements were made by dynamic light scattering in PBS (Malvern Instruments Nano ZS90). Transmission electron microscopy was performed at Keck Microscopy Facility at the Whitehead Institute with with 2% uranyl acetate on an FEI Tecnai Spirit.
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