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5 protocols using apc anti mouse il 4

1

Th Cell Subset Profiling Protocol

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The spleen and MLNs were aseptically separated, and single-cell suspensions were prepared as described previously [14 (link)–16 (link)]. Single-cell suspensions from the spleen and MLNs were stimulated with a brefeldin/monensin mixture [Brefeldin A; Multisciences (Lianke) Biotech, Hangzhou, China] and a phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate/ionomycin mixture [Multisciences (Lianke) Biotech] for 5 h. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-anti-mouse-CD4 (eBioscience, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for surface staining. APC-anti-mouse-IFN-γ (eBioscience, Thermo Fisher Scientific), APC-anti-mouse-IL-4 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) and PE-anti-mouse-IL-17A (Biolegend) were utilized for intracellular staining after the membrane was ruptured by fixation/permeabilization (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) to analyze Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells as described previously [16 (link), 19 (link)]. Mononuclear cells were stained with FITC-anti-mouse-CD4, APC-anti-mouse-CD25 and PE-anti-mouse Foxp3 by using a mouse regulatory T cell staining kit (eBioscience) to evaluate regulatory T (Treg) cells. All samples were analyzed using a BD FACSCcanto flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), and data were analyzed with Flowjo v10.0.7 software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR, USA).
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2

Comprehensive Th Cell Immunophenotyping from Mouse Spleen

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Spleen samples were minced through a 70-µm mesh to obtain single cell suspensions. Cells were washed twice, and 1×104 cells per staining were fluorescently labeled by incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature with the following monoclonal antibodies diluted in 0.5% fetal bovine serum and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). To analyze the Th1 cells, spleen cells were stained with phycoerythrin (PE) anti-mouse CD4 (100407, Bio-Legend). The cells were then fixed in 200 µl of 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS and permeabilized. Subsequently, cells were stained with PE anti-mouse IFN-γ (505807, BioLegend). For the analysis of Th2 cells, spleen cells were stained with PerCP anti-mouse CD4 (100431, BioLegend) followed by intracellular staining with allophycocyanin (APC) anti-mouse IL-4 (504105, BioLegend) and PE anti-mouse IL-9 (514103. BioLegend). To stain Th17 cells, spleen cells were fixed, permeabilized, and then stained with PE anti-mouse IL-17A (506903, Bio-Legend). For Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, spleen cells were stained with Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse/rat/human Foxp3 (320011, BioLegend). Data were acquired on a FACS-Calibur system (BD Bioscience) and analyzed using Cell-Quest software (BD Bioscience).
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3

Antigen-specific T cell immune responses

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Antigen-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses were assessed using an intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay [53 (link), 54 (link)]. Briefly, freshly isolated splenocytes from the NC and mRNA vaccine-immunized groups on day 42, along with SARS-CoV-2 S protein peptide pools (2 µg/ml for each peptide), were cultured in 24-well plates at a density of 2 × 106 cells/well. After a 2-hour incubation, monensin (YEASEN) was added to each well to inhibit cytokine secretion. Twelve hours later, the cells were harvested and stained for 40 min with PE anti-mouse CD4, PerCP anti-mouse CD8, Alexa Fluor 700 anti-mouse MHC II, BV421 anti-mouse B220, BV510 anti-mouse CD44, BV711 anti-mouse CD3 (Biolegend), and Pacific Orange for live/dead cells (Thermo Fisher). Subsequently, the cells were fixed with fixation buffer for 20 min and permeabilized in 1× permeabilization buffer (Biolegend). Intracellular staining was performed using FITC anti-mouse IFN-γ, PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse TNF-α (Bioss), and APC anti-mouse IL-4 (Biolegend). Following three washes with PBS, the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using a NovoCyteTM system (Eisen).
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4

Basophil activation and IL-4 production assay

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Basophil test and IL-4 production detection followed a method previously described by Torrero et al. with minor modification [22 (link)]. CD200R was used as a marker of basophil activation and IL-4 was used to evaluate basophil function. 250 μL heparinized whole blood was collected from each mouse. Two samples within group were pooled and then 1 : 1 diluted with DMEM medium. 500 uL diluted blood samples were incubated with or without 1 μg/mL CryJ2 protein at 37°C. One hour later, cells were treated with protein transport inhibitor Golgi-Plug (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and then continued to be cultured for 100 minutes. Cells were stained with IgE-FITC, CD4-PerCP, B220-PerCP, and CD200R-PE (BioLegend, San Diego, CA) for 30 minutes and treated with RBC lysis/fixation buffer (BioLegend). Cells were then intracellularly stained with anti-mouse IL-4-APC (BioLegend) for 30 minutes and analyzed by flow cytometry (BD Accuri C6). Basophils were defined as IgE+CD4B220 cells. For basophil activation assays, cut-off gates for CD200R-PE and IL-4-APC positivity were established using the fluorescence-minus-one (FMO) technique.
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5

Intracellular IL-4 Staining in CD4+ T Cells

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CD4+ T
cells were stimulated using a cell activation cocktail with Brefeldin
A (Biolegend, Beijing, China) for 4 h, incubated with an antimouse
CD4 surface marker (Biolegend, Beijing, China), and then fixed using
a Cyto-Fast Fix/Perm Buffer (Biolegend, Beijing, China) to destroy
the cell membrane. Following this, CD4+ T cells were subjected
to staining with antimouse IL-4 APC (Biolegend, Beijing, China). The
sample was subsequently analyzed using flow cytometry, and the resulting
data were imported into FlowJo v10.8.1 software (BD Life Sciences)
for further analysis.
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