Phase-contrast, fluorescence, and IF images of fixed whole cells and cytoskeletons were acquired at room temperature using a microscope (DM5500B; Leica) with either a 40×, NA 1.25 HCX Plan Apochromat oil immersion objective (Leica) or a 100×, NA 1.4 HCX Plan Apochromat oil immersion objective (Leica), and a digital camera (Orca-ER; Hamamatsu Photonics) or a scientific complementary metal–oxide semiconductor camera (Neo 5.5; Andor Technology). The images were acquired in Application Suite Imaging Software (Leica). Morphometric measurements and quantification of IF signals were performed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health; Schneider et al., 2012 (link)).
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