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11 protocols using cell culture plasticware

1

CUMYL-4CN-BINACA Binding Assay

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CUMYL-4CN-BINACA was obtained from Cayman Chemical (MI, USA), and SR141716 from Sigma-Aldrich (NSW, Australia). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased from Thermo Fisher (MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Moregate Biotech (NZ). Cell culture plasticware was sourced from Corning (NY, USA). [3H]-CP 55,940, harvest plates, and Irgasafe plus, were all purchased from PerkinElmer (MA, USA). Polypropylene v-bottom mixing 96-well plates were acquired from Hangzhou Gene Era Biotech Co Ltd (China). Branched polyethyleneimine was purchased from Sigma (MO, USA). The Bradford Protein Assay Kit was purchased from BIORAD (CA, USA).
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2

Protein Purification and Characterization

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All chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), Qualigens (India), Merck (India), Himedia (India) and SRL (India). LB media was purchased from Himedia (India). Ni+2-NTA resin, Protein G beads and Taq polymerase were purchased from Merck-Millipore (USA). cDNA synthesis kit was purchased from Thermo-Fisher (USA). Biorex-70 resin was purchased from Bio-Rad (USA). Cell culture chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA) while cell culture plasticware was from Corning (USA). SYBR Green mix was purchased from Kapa Biosystems (USA).
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3

Evaluating TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis

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Unless otherwise noted, general reagents were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), cell culture reagents and electrophoresis/western blot supplies were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) and cell culture plasticware from Corning (Corning, NY). Monoclonal mouse anti-puromycin clone 12D10 [1 (link)] and rabbit anti-GAPDH (ABS16) were obtained from EMD-Millipore (Billerica, MA). Monoclonal mouse anti-cFLIP clone 7F10 was obtained from Enzo (Farmingdale, NY). Secondary antibodies, Goat anti-rabbit (800) and Goat anti-mouse (680) and blocking buffer were from LiCor (Lincoln, NE). Sources of other reagents: 2,3-Bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT; NSC 601519) from the NCI Drug Synthesis and Chemistry Branch; recombinant TRAIL ligand (168 amino acid TNF homologous extracellular domain—Peprotech). Caspase 8 assay kit (CaspaseGlo 8) was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI) and was used according the manufacturer’s directions.
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4

Cultivation of Human Cell Lines

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The human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and malignant melanoma (A375) cell lines were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line was a kind gift from Dr. Sharon Broby (Dermal Toxicology and Effects Group; Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards; Public Health England, UK). All cell lines were maintained in Dulbeccos’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), high glucose, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine and 1% pen/strep (100U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin). Cells were cultured in a humidified atmosphere at 37 °C and 5% CO2. They were grown as monolayer cultures and sub-cultured when reaching 80–90% confluence. All cell lines were cultured for up to 20–25 passages before new vials were utilized. All cell culture media and reagents were purchased from Labtech International Ltd (East Sussex, UK) and cell culture plastic ware were obtained from Corning (NY, USA).
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5

Evaluating Caco-2 Cell Transport Mechanisms

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Caco‐2 cells were obtained from DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen) (Braunschweig, Germany). Cell culture plastic ware was obtained from Corning Life Sciences (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Taurine (Tau), L‐proline (Pro), 2‐Amino‐2‐norbornane‐carboxylic acid (BCH), sarcosine (Sar), Triton X‐100, 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐piperazine‐1‐ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 4‐Morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES), imidazole‐4‐acetic acid (IAA) and sodium bicarbonate were all obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with calcium and magnesium was obtained from Gibco by Life Technologies (Paisley, UK). D‐[1‐14C]‐Mannitol (57.2 mCi/mmol), [2,2‐3H(N)]‐Taurine (19.1 Ci/mmol) were purchased from Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA). Scintillation liquid was either OptiPhase Supermix cocktail (for in vivo studies) from Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA) or Ultima Gold (for in vitro studies) also from Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA, USA). Ethanol (96%) was from either Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) or VRW chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany). Purified water was used for the experiments, obtained from either a Milli‐Q and Elga purification system.
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6

Cell Culture and Reagent Procurement

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Cell culture plasticware was purchased from Corning. All cell culture media and additives where purchased from Life Technologies except fetal bovine serum, which was purchased from Moregate Biotech. All-trans retinoic acid, uridine, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and arabinofuranosyl were purchased from Sigma. The Aβ1–42 and Aβ42–1 fragments were purchased from Bachem and lovastatin and simvastain were purchased from Cayman Chemicals.
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7

Culturing Murine L929 Fibroblasts

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L929 cells (murine fibroblasts) were purchased from Deutsche Sammlung von Microorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ – Braunschweig, Germany). Cells were cultured in Dulbeccos's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), high glucose, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l-glutamine, 100U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin, while incubated under humidified conditions at 37 °C and 5% CO2. L929 cells were grown as monolayer cultures, while when confluency reached 80–90%, cells were sub-cultured for a maximum of 20–25 passages, before new vials were used. Cell culture media and reagents [FBS, antiobiotics, trypsin, Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS)] were purchased from Biosera (Kansas City, MO, USA). Resazurin sodium salt was obtained from Fluorochem (Derbyshire, UK). while cell culture plastic ware was obtained from Corning (NY, USA).
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8

Vigabatrin Permeability in Caco-2 Cells

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Vigabatrin was provided by H. Lundbeck A/S (Valby, Denmark). Acetonitrile gradient grade was from Vetec Química Fina Ltda (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) or LC-MS grade from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rac-vigabatrin 13C,d2 was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). BSA was from Biotech Line (Slangerup, Denmark). Infant formula Nutramigen Lipil was obtained from Mead Johnson Nutrition (Nijmegen, The Netherlands). D-[1-14C]-mannitol (58.8 Ci·mmol−1) and Ultima Gold scintillation liquid were purchased from PerkinElmer (Boston, MA).The acetaminophen assay kit was purchased from Cambridge Life Sciences Ltd. (Cambridge, UK). Caco-2 cells were obtained from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany). Cell culture plasticware was obtained from Corning Life Sciences (Tewksbury, MA). Water used for the experiments was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system. All other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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9

Establishing Cancer Cell Line Cultures

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The human malignant melanoma (A375) and epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cell lines were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line was kindly provided by Dr. Broby (Public Health England, UK). All cell lines were authenticated with the STR method and were also tested for mycoplasma contamination. In addition, they were maintained in DMEM medium with high glucose content, supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 1% pen/strep (100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin) and cultured in a humidified atmosphere at 37 °C and 5% CO2, grown as monolayers and sub-cultured at 80–90% confluency. All cell lines were cultured for 15–20 passages before new stocks were utilized. Finally, all media and reagents were purchased from Labtech (East Sussex, UK) whereas all cell culture plasticware were obtained from Corning (Corning, NY, USA).
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10

Resynthesis and Purification of 2-PMAP

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2-PMAP (CAS 102212-26-0) was resynthesized from 2-aminophenol and 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde and purified by flash column chromatography by Princeton Global Synthesis LLC (Bristol, PA) a commercial chemical manufacturer contractor. Purity of 2-PMAP used for the cell culture and animal studies was ≥98% as determined by HPLC/UV analysis. γ-SC inhibitor XXI (Compound E) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA), respectively. Phenserine was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA). Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 peptides were custom synthesized and purified in the WM Keck Proteomic Facility of Yale University (New Haven, CT) by the laboratory of Dr. James I. Elliott as previously described10 (link),11 (link). PCR primers were custom synthesized by Gene Link (Hawthorne, NY). Cell culture media and supplements were obtained from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA) while cell culture plasticware was purchased from Corning Incorporated (Corning, NY). All other chemicals, reagents, and antibodies were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise specified.
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