Epichlorohydrin

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tin chloride pentahydrate, 1-propyl amine, 1-butyl amine, propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin were procured from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd, India. Ammonium hydroxide (25 wt%), aniline, cyclohexanol and 1-butanol were obtained from Merck Pvt. Ltd, India. Styrene oxide, methanol, 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, propylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, cyclooctane oxide, epichlorohydrin, phenyl acetaldehyde, tetraethylorthosilicate and pluronic P123 were procured from Sigma-aldrich. NH₄-beta (SAR, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 25) was obtained from Nankai University Catalyst Co., [H⁺ form of beta (H-beta) was obtained by calcining at 540 °C for 4 h.

Chitosan purchased from Alpha Chemika, India with DA degree = 82.4% and high molecular weight. Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO₄·7H₂O, 99%) was purchased from Piochem, Egypt, as green crystals. Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O, 97%) was purchased from Piochem, Egypt. Epichlorohydrin was purchased from Loba Chemie, India. Glacial acetic acid (CH₃COOH) purchased from Fischer Scientific, 99.5% pure. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄, 70%) was purchased from El-Nasr Co. for intermediate chemicals. Anionic flocculant, Magna floc-LT27 purchased from Solenis Chemicals India. Calcium oxide (CaO, 85%) was brought from El-Minia quarries. Mixed Juice (MJ) was brought in direct line from Quos sugar factory after milling. Raw sugar was brought from the factory as unconfirmed white sugar to obtain sugar syrup.