Random hexamer primers

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Merck-Millipore (Berlin, Germany). Insulin–transferrin–sodium selenite (ITS) supplement was purchased from Life Technolgies (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Pierce BCA protein assay kit was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Clarity™ western ECL substrate was purchased from Bio-Rad (Bio-Rad, CA, USA). NZYColour Protein Marker II, NZY M-MuLV reverse transcriptase (M-MLV RT), random hexamer primers, dNTPs, NZYTaq green master mix, Greensafe and NZY qPCR green master mix, and NZYDNA Ladder VI were obtained from NZYTech (Lisbon, Portugal). Corticosterone (with 98.5% purity minimum) and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other specific reagents are described alongside their respective methods.

Dapagliflozin and exenatide were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Biochorm AG (Berlin, Germany). Insulin–transferrin–sodium selenite (ITS) supplement and gentamicin were obtained from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Testosterone was purchased from Honeywell Fluka (Charlotte, NC, USA). Sulforhodamine B (SRB) was purchased from Biotum (Hayward, CA, USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Amresco (Parkway Solon, OH, USA). All reagents for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were purchased from NZYTech (Lisbon, Portugal), including: NZY M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase, random hexamer primers, NZTaq 2x Green Master Mix, dNTPs, reaction buffer, and Greensafe. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-Cytox^TM Assay Kit was purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CL, USA). The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dye was purchased from Life Technologies (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Oil Red O staining and other chemicals were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless stated otherwise.