Methyl formate

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in Germany

Methyl formate is a volatile organic compound that finds use as a solvent and an intermediate in chemical synthesis. It has the chemical formula HCOOCH3.

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Lab products found in correlation

N hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Spe cartridge, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Ethyl acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Oxylipin standards and internal standards, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Lc ms grade formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Caco 2 cells, by Leibniz Institute DSMZ (1 mentions) Hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Chloroform, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Isopropanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Tissuelyser 2, by Qiagen (1 mentions) Methanol, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Turbovap lv, by Biotage (1 mentions) Methanol, by Biotage (1 mentions) Maresin, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Acetic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) D5 rvd2, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Leukotriene b4 d4, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Ammonium acetate nh4oac, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

5 protocols using methyl formate

Fatty Acid Hydroperoxide Analysis

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GPX conversion of fatty acid derived hydroperoxides was performed as mentioned before. The reaction was stopped by addition of 1 mL ice-cold MeOH (fisher chemical; 10653963) and samples were directly processed for measurement. Therefore, solid phase extraction was performed after initial acidification (Milli-Q water, pH 3.5) using SPE cartridges (Waters, WAT043395). Samples were washed with 6 mL of Milli-Q water and eluted with 6 mL of methyl formate (fisher chemical; 414340025) into a glass vial. Samples were evaporated until dryness with a moderate stream of nitrogen and resuspended in 100 μL of an equal mixture of MeOH and water (VWR Chemicals, 83645320). Monohydroxylated fatty acids were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) tandem mass spectrometry in line with previously published methodology [46 (link)].

Schwarz M., Löser A., Cheng Q., Wichmann-Costaganna M., Schädel P., Werz O., Arnér E.S, & Kipp A.P. (2023). Side-by-side comparison of recombinant human glutathione peroxidases identifies overlapping substrate specificities for soluble hydroperoxides. Redox Biology, 59, 102593.

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Oxylipin Analysis via LC-MS

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LC-MS grade acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methyl formate were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Schwerte, Germany). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and all other cell culture reagents were purchased from Biochrom/Merck (Berlin, Germany). Oxylipin standards and internal standards were either purchased from Cayman Chemicals (local distributor: Biomol, Hamburg, Germany) or synthesized in-house as described in the Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM). Acetic acid (HAc) LC-MS grade, formic acid (FA) LC-MS grade, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), human blood serum, and all other chemicals were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Human blood plasma and second-pool human blood serum were purchased from BioIVT (West Sussex, UK). Caco-2 cells were obtained from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Finally, AMPP and ²H₅-AMPP were synthesized as described before [42 (link)] (for details see ESM).

Hellhake S., Meckelmann S.W., Empl M.T., Rentmeister K., Wißdorf W., Steinberg P., Schmitz O.J., Benter T, & Schebb N.H. (2020). Non-targeted and targeted analysis of oxylipins in combination with charge-switch derivatization by ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 412(23), 5743-5757.

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Extraction and Quantification of Immune Lipid Mediators

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For a LCMS-associated processes, LCMS or HPLC grade water, methanol, isopropanol, hexanes, methyl-formate, chloroform, and acetic acid were purchased through Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). All LM standards were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI).
Immune lipid mediators were extracted from an organ section collected directly into 500 μL aliquot of ice-cold methanol containing a heavy isotope labeled standard mix (1 ng each of d8-5-HETE, d5-RvD2, d5-LXA4, d4-LTB4, d4-PGE2). Samples were bead homogenized using a Qiagen TissueLyser II and then centrifuged at > 10,000 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was collected and carried over to solid phase extraction. Solid-phase extraction utilized a C18 column, Sep-Pak® 3 mL, 200 mg, C18 cartridges (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA). Columns were conditioned with 10 mL of methanol followed by 10 mL of water. Samples were pH-adjusted to increase binding by addition of 9 mL of acidified water (pH 3.5 with hydrochloric acid) and then quickly loaded. Each sample was washed with 3 mL of water prior to proceeding to the next sample. Loaded samples were washed with an additional 5 mL of water followed by 5 mL of hexanes. Samples were eluted with 10 mL of methyl-formate and dried under nitrogen at 55°C. Each sample was resuspended in 200 μL of 1:1 water:methanol and 30-40 μL of each sample was injected for analysis.

Schwarz B., Roberts L.M., Bohrnsen E., Jessop F., Wehrly T.D., Shaia C, & Bosio C.M. (2022). Contribution of lipid mediators in divergent outcomes following acute bacterial and viral lung infections in the obese host. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 209(7), 1323-1334.

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Eicosanoids and PUFA Extraction

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Cell-free supernatants obtained from cell culture experiments were mixed in a ratio of 1:2 (v/v) with ice-cold methanol (Fisher Chemical, Schwerte, Germany) containing 10 µL of deuterium-labelled standards as internal reference. Deuterated standards include 200 nM d₈-5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), d₄-LTB₄, d₅-lipoxin A₄, d₅-resolvin D2, d₄-PGE₂ and 10 µM d₈-arachidonic acid. Before proceeding with purification steps, proteins were precipitated at -20 °C overnight. After centrifugation (1200 × g, 10 min, 4 °C), the supernatant was collected and acidified by addition of 7 mL Milli-Q water (pH 3.5) for solid phase extraction. C18 solid phase cartridges (Waters, Eschborn, Germany) were washed with 6 mL methanol and equilibrated with 2 mL Milli-Q water before sample addition. Subsequently, columns were washed with 6 mL of Milli-Q water to return to neutral pH ~ 7.0. Following another washing step with 6 mL of n-hexane (Fisher Chemical), eicosanoids, docosanoids and PUFAs were eluted with 6 mL of methyl formate (Acros Organics, Schwerte, Germany). Samples were evaporated until dryness with a moderate stream of nitrogen (TurboVap LV, Biotage; Uppsala, Sweden) and resuspended in 100 µL of a mixture of methanol and Milli-Q water (50:50, v/v).

Czapka A., Grune C., Schädel P., Bachmann V., Scheuer K., Dirauf M., Weber C., Skaltsounis A.L., Jandt K.D., Schubert U.S., Fischer D, & Werz O. (2022). Drug delivery of 6-bromoindirubin-3’-glycerol-oxime ether employing poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-based nanoencapsulation techniques with sustainable solvents. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 20, 5.

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Lipid Mediator Extraction and Quantification

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Optima grade methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), isopropanol (ISP), and acetic acid (AcOH, > 98% pure) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). UHPLC-grade methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and hexane were also purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). Methyl formate (> 98% pure) was purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Deionized water was obtained through filtration via a Millipore Q-Plus (Elix^®35, Molsheim, France). For study 1, native SPM standards: resolvin D1 (RvD1), resolving D2 (RvD2), resolving D3 (RvD3), resolvin D5 (RvD5), resolving E1 (RvE1), maresin (MaR1), and protectin (PD1), and deuterated SPM standards: resolvins (RvD1-d₅, RvD2-d₅, RvD3-d₅, RvE1-d₄) maresin (MaR1-d₅), and leukotriene B4-d₄ were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). C18 SPE cartridges (Supel^TM-Select HLB SPE 30 mg loading, 1 mL volume) were purchased from Supelco Analytical (Bellefonte, PA, USA). For study 2, lipid standards were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), Santa cruz Biotechnology, Inc (Dallas, TX, USA) and Avanti polar Lipids, Inc (Alabaster, AL, USA), as summarized in Supplementary Materials: Table S1.

Bennouna D., Solano M., Orchard T.S., DeVries A.C., Lustberg M, & Kopec R.E. (2019). The Effects of Doxorubicin-based Chemotherapy and Omega-3 Supplementation on Mouse Brain Lipids. Metabolites, 9(10), 208.

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