Digital ph meter

The items analyzed for each water sample were Color, Taste and Odor, Turbidity,
pH, Hardness, Chloride, Total Iron, Total Manganese, Nitrate, Nitrite,
Permanganate, Sulfate, Ammoniac, Total Arsenic, Coliform and
E. coli, based on standard procedures.²³ In the Laboratory, E coli and Coliform were
determined using the most probable number method (MPN). Water to be tested is
diluted serially and inoculated in lactose broth, coliforms if present in water
utilize the lactose present in the medium to produce acid and gas. The presence
of acid is confirmed by the medium color change, and gas bubbles collected in
the inverted durham tube present in the medium indicated the presence of gas.
The number of total coliforms is determined by counting the number of tubes
giving positive reaction (ie, both color change and gas production) and
comparing the pattern of positive results (the number of tubes showing growth at
each dilution) with standard statistical tables. pH was measured using digital
pH meter (HACH). Turbidity Meter (HACH) was used for Turbidity measurement.
Other chemical parameters were evaluated by titration methods and UV-VIS
spectrometer (Perkin Elmer) on the basis of standard procedures. Traces elements
were determined by PinAAcle 900T Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer).
All measurements were completed in triplicate. Table 1 shows these items and the
analytical methods used.

The pH (25°C) values of liposomes were measured via a pH meter (HACH digital pH meter, Loveland, NY, USA).^{43 (link)}