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Microtracbel

Manufactured by Microtrac
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Sourced in Japan

The MicrotracBEL is a laboratory instrument designed for particle size analysis. It utilizes laser diffraction technology to measure the size distribution of particles suspended in a liquid or gas medium. The core function of the MicrotracBEL is to provide accurate and reliable particle size data for various applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Belmass, by Microtrac (2 mentions) Gc 2014, by Shimadzu (2 mentions) 6100 ftir system, by Jasco (1 mentions) Jsm 7001f, by JEOL (1 mentions) Escalab 250xi spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Gemini, by Zeiss (1 mentions) Nano zse, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Sem 500, by Zeiss (1 mentions) Belsorp max, by Microtrac (1 mentions) Ultima 4, by Rigaku (1 mentions) V 670, by Jasco (1 mentions)

5 protocols using microtracbel

1

Catalytic Conversion of Methane-CO2 Mixtures

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The desired sample (100 mg) was loaded into a 4-mm-diameter quartz tube and tested by using a continuous-flow fixed-bed microreactor under atmospheric pressure. The quantities of CH4, CO, H2, CO2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, and C3H8 were monitored and evaluated by using an on-line gas analyser (BELMass, MicrotracBEL) and a gas chromatograph (GC-2014 and Trasera, Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector, flame ionisation detector, and barrier ionisation detector24 (link). The reactant gas containing 1 vol.% CH4, 1 vol.% CO2, and He to compensate was introduced into the reactor at a space velocity (SV) of 10 cm3 min−1 (W/F = 0.6 g s cm−3). The optimum reaction temperature to obtain the maximum C2,3 yield was 950 °C and was instrumentally the upper limit. The calculations were conducted by using the following formulae25 (link): CH4conversion[%]=[CH4]in−[CH4]out[CH4]in×100 C2,3yield(carbonbase)[%]=2[C2H2]out+2[C2H4]out+2[C2H6]out+3[C3H6]out+3[C3H8]out[CH4]in×100
Therefore, selectivity of ethane, as an example (carbon base) [%] =2[C2H6]out2[C2H2]out+2[C2H4]out+2[C2H6]out+3[C3H6]out+3[C3H8]out×100 where […]in and […]out represent the gas concentrations in the feed gas and effluent gas, respectively.
Zhang Y., Cho Y., Yamaguchi A., Peng X., Miyauchi M., Abe H, & Fujita T. (2019). CO2 oxidative coupling of methane using an earth-abundant CaO-based catalyst. Scientific Reports, 9, 15454.
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2

Continuous-Flow Fixed-Bed Microreactor Analysis

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The desired sample (100 mg) was
loaded into a 4 mm quartz tube and tested using a continuous-flow
fixed-bed microreactor under atmospheric pressure. The quantities
of CH4, CO, H2, and CO2 were monitored
and evaluated using an on-line gas analyzer (BELMass, MicrotracBEL)
and a gas chromatograph (GC-2014, Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with thermal
conductivity detectors. The reactant gas containing 1 vol % CH4, 1 vol % CO2, and Ar for balance was introduced
into the reactor at a space velocity of 100 cm3 min–1 (W/F = 0.06 g s cm–3). The calculation
details for the DRM performance are as follows where [...]in and [...]out represent
the gas concentrations in the feed gas and effluent gas,
respectively.
FTIR spectra of the catalyst surfaces were measured
at the operating temperature using a JASCO 6100 FTIR system equipped
with a heat chamber (ST-Japan). Each sample (5 mg) was loaded onto
the sample stage, and the reactant gas containing 1 vol % CH4, 1 vol % CO2, and Ar for balance was introduced into
the environmental cell at a rate of 10 cm3 min–1. The concentrations of the feed gas and generated gas components
were determined using micro gas chromatography (Inficon, 3000 Micro-GC).
Fujita T., Peng X., Yamaguchi A., Cho Y., Zhang Y., Higuchi K., Yamamoto Y., Tokunaga T., Arai S., Miyauchi M, & Abe H. (2018). Nanoporous Nickel Composite Catalyst for the Dry Reforming of Methane. ACS Omega, 3(12), 16651-16657.
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3

Characterization of FACs Microstructure

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The microstructure and morphology of the FACs were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL, JSM-7001F, Tokyo, Japan) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI TS20 microscope, OR, USA). The specific surface area and pore size distribution (PSD) were obtained from N2 adsorption (−196 °C) isothermals performed on an (MicrotracBEL, BELSORP-MAX, Osaka, Japan) instrument with a relative pressure (P/P0) of 0.00000001 to 1. The samples were degassed at 200 °C for 12 h under turbo molecular vacuum pumping prior to the gas adsorption measurements. FTIR analyses of the functional groups were adopted by Nicolet iS50 (MA, USA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed on a Thermo ESCALAB 250XI spectrometer, MA, USA).
Liu C., Wu J.C., Zhou H., Liu M., Zhang D., Li S., Gao H, & Yang J. (2019). Great Enhancement of Carbon Energy Storage through Narrow Pores and Hydrogen-Containing Functional Groups for Aqueous Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor. Molecules, 24(14), 2589.
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4

Functionally Modified Fly Ash Synthesis

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Raw FA was firstly modified by ball milling (FA-I) followed by the NaOH hydrothermal (130 °C) and H2SO4 etching processes (FA-II). Quaternary ammonium groups were then introduced by either physically covering the ash with cationic surfactants CTAB (FA-CSC) or silane coupling methods with TTPAC (FA-SCA). Various dosage of TTPAC were evaluated such as 30 wt% and 100 wt% of the modified FA (denoted as FA-SCA30 and FA-SCA100, respectively). Details of modification methods were included in SI section 1.
Surface morphology was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, ZEISS GeminiSEM 500). The introduced quaternary ammonium was validated using an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR, PerkinElmer). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET) and pore volume (Vpore) were analyzed by a BET analyzer (MicrotracBEL, Belsorp max). The size distribution (via dynamic light scattering, DLS) and zeta potential were carried out using a Zetasizer (Malvern, Nano ZSE) with the refractive index of 1.45. The percentile values (D10, D50 and D90) were measured to indicate the cumulative 10%, 50% and 90% point of diameter in volume distribution, respectively. The volume mean diameter, as well as the span ((D90-D10)/D50), were calculated for a better description of particle size and distribution.
Wan H., Mills R., Qu K., Hower J.C., Mottaleb M.A., Bhattacharyya D, & Xu Z. (2022). Rapid removal of PFOA and PFOS via modified industrial solid waste: Mechanisms and influences of water matrices. Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996), 433(Pt 2), 133271.
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5

Comprehensive Materials Characterization

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Diffuse reflectance spectra were obtained using a UV-VIS spectrometer (JASCO V-670) and were converted from reflection to absorbance using the Kubelka-Munk formula. Crystal structures were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD; RIGAKU Ultima IV) with CuKα radiation. Particle morphologies were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; JEOL-7600F) accelerated at 15 kV. Samples for FE-SEM were sputtered with 10 nm Au metal. Surface areas were determined by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method using a gas adsorption and desorption analyzer (MicrotracBEL; BELSORP-max) with nitrogen gas at 77 K.
Yamaguchi Y., Shimodo T., Chikamori N., Usuki S., Kanai Y., Endo T., Katsumata K.I., Terashima C., Ikekita M., Fujishima A., Suzuki T., Sakai H, & Nakata K. (2016). Sporicidal performance induced by photocatalytic production of organic peroxide under visible light irradiation. Scientific Reports, 6, 33715.
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