Ms 1 cell line

The MS-1 cell line (ATCC, Manassas, USA) was cultured in DMEM (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 5% FBS at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. The cells were seeded at a density of 1 × 105 cells/well in 6-well plates for 24 h prior to further experiments.

Investigations conformed to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all protocols were approved by the Shandong University ethics review board. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated from the human umbilical vein as described [15] (link). All experiments were performed on the cells from 10 to 20 passages. The MS1 cell line (a mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cell line) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and grown in DMEM. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were obtained and cultured in M199 as described [16] (link). Cells were divided into 2 groups when the cultures of cells reached sub-confluence: controls, cultured in normal medium with 10% serum and 5 ng/ml FGF 2 (FGF-2); and SFO-treated, treated with normal medium (10% serum, 5 ng/ml FGF-2) and different concentrations of SFO for 3 to 12 h. SFO was dissolved in ethanol as previously reported [8] (link).