All analytical grade reagents were used without modifications during the synthesis. The chemicals used included, 1-methylimidazole (DAEJUNG, >99%), pyridine (Sigma-Aldrich, ∼99%), tri-octyl phosphine (MACKLIN, 92.23%), octyl bromide (MACKLIN, >95%) methane sulphonic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), dichloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, >98%), potassium hydrogen sulfate (MERCK, 35–37%), lithium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide (MERCK, 99%), sodium tetrafluoroborate (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) and sodium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, >98%). Solvents like methanol (CH3OH), chloroform (CHCl3), acetonitrile (CH3CN), n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were dried by distillation before use. The FTIR analysis was performed on the Brucker ATR-alpha FTIR instrument in 4000–550 cm−1 to identify the functional groups present in synthesized ionic liquids. The NMR analysis was performed on Brucker NMR (400 MHz) using CDCl3 as a solvent.
Methane sulphonic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Italy
Methane sulphonic acid is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a versatile reagent in various laboratory applications. It has a high acidity and can be used as a catalyst, an electrolyte, or a dehydrating agent in chemical reactions. The core function of methane sulphonic acid is to provide a strong acidic environment for various laboratory procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 methylimidazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trioctylphosphine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium tetrafluoroborate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hypersep c18 column, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cysteine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pancreatic lipase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
13c3 15n cysteine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L 8900, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Millipore plus system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using methane sulphonic acid
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Ionic Liquids
2
Quantifying Bioactive Nitro Fatty Acids
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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) if not stated otherwise. All nitro fatty acids and internal standards NO2-[13C18]OA, NO2-[13C18]LA and [15N]O2-cLA were synthesized as previously [30] (link)–[32] (link). Pancreatic lipase, cysteine, [13C3,15N]cysteine and methanesulphonic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (L3126, C122009, 658057, 471356). Gastric juice artificial was purchased from Fisher Scientific Company (S76772). Strata NH2 (55 µm, 70A) columns were from Phenomenex (8B-S009-HCH). Hypersep C18 columns were purchased from Thermo Scientific (60108-305). Mass spectrometry quality solvents were purchased from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Extra virgin olive oils and fresh olives were from Jaen, Spain, and came from three different types of cultivars: Arbequina, Frantoio and Picual [33] (link).
3
Amino Acid Analysis in Feed and Feces
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Amino acids in feed ingredients, diets, and fecal material were determined according to the protocol described by AOAC [42 ]. As such, dry ground samples were digested with 4 mol L−1 methane sulphonic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and AAs were determined by using a programmed automatic amino acid analyzer (L-8900; Hitachi, Japan). Detection used a post-column derivatization method with ninhydrin (520 nm, for the total acid content). A suite of amino acid concentrations as external standards, including L Norleucine (synthetic amino acid) addition as the internal standard within the sampling protocol and digestion stage, dilution, and injection (20 µL) was employed. However, the apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients (ADCs, %) and Amino Acid profile (% of digestible amino acid basis) of the FM and CM were presented in Table 3 .
Apparent net protein utilization (ANPU, %) and phosphorous retention (PR, %) in feeds and fish were determined according to the method of Palma et al. [49 (link)]:
Apparent net protein utilization (ANPU, %) and phosphorous retention (PR, %) in feeds and fish were determined according to the method of Palma et al. [49 (link)]:
4
Analytical Grade Reagents for ICP-MS
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All reagents were of analytical grade and were used as purchased.
Sulphuric acid (95-97%, Fluka) and nitric acid (68.5-69.5%, Aristar for trace analysis, VWR) were used for preparing solutions. Rhenium standard for ICP (1001 AE 5 mg L À1 , 2% HNO 3 , Sigma Aldrich), germanium standard for ICP (1005 AE 2 mg L À1 , 2% HNO 3 , Sigma Aldrich), and terbium standard for ICP (1002 AE 5 mg L À1 , 2% HNO 3 , Sigma Aldrich) were used as internal standards for element quantication. External calibration was performed by diluting the CCS-5 for ICP (100.00 AE 0.70 mg mL À1 of B, Ge, Hf, Mo, Nb, P, Re, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Ta, Ti, W, and Zr, 1.2% (v/v) HF + 7.43% (v/v) HNO 3 , Inorganic Ventures) and the IV-ICPMS-71A (10 AE 0.08 mg mL À1 of Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ho, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, S, Se, Sm, Sr, Th, Tl, Tm, U, V, Yb, and Zn, Inorganic Ventures) calibrating standard solutions.
Primary standards for IC analysis, including methanesulphonic acid used as both a primary standard and eluent for cation analysis, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich®.
Ultrapure water was produced with a Millipore Plus System (Milan, Italy, resistivity 18.2 U cm À1 ).
Sulphuric acid (95-97%, Fluka) and nitric acid (68.5-69.5%, Aristar for trace analysis, VWR) were used for preparing solutions. Rhenium standard for ICP (1001 AE 5 mg L À1 , 2% HNO 3 , Sigma Aldrich), germanium standard for ICP (1005 AE 2 mg L À1 , 2% HNO 3 , Sigma Aldrich), and terbium standard for ICP (1002 AE 5 mg L À1 , 2% HNO 3 , Sigma Aldrich) were used as internal standards for element quantication. External calibration was performed by diluting the CCS-5 for ICP (100.00 AE 0.70 mg mL À1 of B, Ge, Hf, Mo, Nb, P, Re, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Ta, Ti, W, and Zr, 1.2% (v/v) HF + 7.43% (v/v) HNO 3 , Inorganic Ventures) and the IV-ICPMS-71A (10 AE 0.08 mg mL À1 of Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ho, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, S, Se, Sm, Sr, Th, Tl, Tm, U, V, Yb, and Zn, Inorganic Ventures) calibrating standard solutions.
Primary standards for IC analysis, including methanesulphonic acid used as both a primary standard and eluent for cation analysis, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich®.
Ultrapure water was produced with a Millipore Plus System (Milan, Italy, resistivity 18.2 U cm À1 ).
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