(1) Braino phantom (General Electric, USA), (2) spherical 2HG-phantom prepared in-house (~7.8 mmol/L of 2HG and 18 mmol/L of glycine), and (3) spherical GABA-phantom prepared in-house (~10 mmol/L of GABA, creatine, and glycine) as shown in Figure S4 .
Braino phantom
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The Braino phantom is a medical imaging phantom designed for use in neuroimaging research and applications. It is a physical model that simulates the structure and properties of the human brain, allowing for the evaluation and calibration of imaging equipment and techniques.
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5 protocols using braino phantom
1
Phantom Standards for Metabolite Imaging
2
Phantom Measurements for 7T MRI
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Prior to patient measurements, phantom measurements were performed at 7 T. The “Braino”-phantom (General-Electric, USA) was used with the following metabolite concentrations: 5 mM NAA (N-Acetyl-l -aspartic acid), 10 mM of Cr (creatine), 3 mM of Cho (choline chloride), 7.5 mM of mI (Myo-inositol), 12.5 mM of Glu (l -glutamic acid; the ionic form known as glutamate), and 5 mM of Lac (l -Lactic acid). Spherical 2HG-phantom consisted of a pH-7 buffered solution of 7.8 mM of 2HG and 18 mM of glycine.
3
Braino Phantom Characterization on 3T MRI
4
Phantom Protocol for Metabolite Quantification
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(1) Braino phantom (General Electric, USA), (2) spherical 2HG‐phantom prepared in‐house (∼7.8 mmol/L of 2HG and 18 mmol/L of glycine), and (3) spherical GABA‐phantom prepared in‐house (∼10 mmol/L of GABA, creatine, and glycine) as shown in Figure S4 .
5
Optimizing Metabolite Quantification in MRS
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To determine the effect of the coil combination method on accurate metabolite quantification, 1H MRS data were collected from a spherical brain spectroscopy phantom (Braino phantom, #2152220, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL) containing 12.5 mM of NAA, 10 mM of Cr, 3 mM of Cho, 7.5 mM of myo‐inositol (mI), 12.5 mM of L‐glutamic acid (Glu), 5 mM of DL‐lactic acid (Lac), sodium azide (0.1%), 50 mM of potassium phosphate monobasic, 56 mM of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 1 mL/L of Gd‐DPTA (Magnevist).23 MRS data were acquired during three separate scan sessions using 5‐6 different voxel positions/session for a total of 16 unique spectra of metabolites with known concentrations that were used to determine the accuracy of metabolite quantification after combination. A multi‐compartment phantom was also constructed to test for out‐of‐volume artifacts. The phantom was composed of two nested cylinders with an inner compartment containing 5 mM NAA and an outer compartment containing only water.
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