Glyceryl monostearate

EGF, curcumin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthoazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. louis, MO, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), olive oil, oleic acid, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), Tween 80, and Tween 20 were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Pyungtaek, Korea). Stearic acid was provided from Daejung Chemical (Cheongwon, Korea). Precirol ATO 5, Compritol 888 ATO, Capryol 90, Capryol PGMC, Labrafac CC, Labrafil M 1944 CS, Peceol, Lauroglycol FCC, Labrafac WL 1349, and Cremophor EL were obtained from Gattefossé (Saint Priest, Cedex, France). Lutrol F-68 (poloxamer 188) and Lutrol F-127 (poloxamer 407) were provided by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). NIH 3T3 and HaCaT cells were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin, and trypsin–EDTA were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Methanol was obtained from JT baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).

TGL was a gift from the Korea United Pharm Inc. (Seoul, Korea). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile and methanol were used and purchased from JT Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Capmul MCM (Glyceryl Caprylate/Caprate) was purchased from Abitec Corporation (Columbus, OH, USA). Stearic acid, palmitic acid, and myristic acid were obtained from Daejung Chemical (Cheongwon, Korea). Tween 80 and 20, Span 80 and 85, olive oil, oleic acid, and glyceryl monostearate were provided by Samchun Chemical (Pyungtaek, Korea). Gelucire 44/14, 50/13, 33/01 and 43/01, Capryol PGMC and 90, Compritol 888 ATO, Precirol ATO 5, Labrafac CC, Peceol, Labrafil M 1944 CS, Lauroglycol FCC, Lipophile WL 1349, Labrasol, Cremophor EL were purchased from Gattefossé (Saint-Priest, Cedex, France). Solutol HS-15, Poloxamer 188 and 407 were purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Coumarin-6 (C6) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylidone (DAPI) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All the reagents were of analytical grade and obtained from commercial sources.