Phenolic compound commercial standards, i.e., caffeic acid (CA), a mixture of trans- and cis-isomers of ferulic acid (FA), vanillic acid (VA), and p-coumaric acid (p-CA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie Ltd., (Steinheim, Germany). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt 2-hydrate (Na2EDTA) was acquired from Panreac Quimica S.L.U. (Barcelona, Spain). Hydrochloric acid (HCl), formic acid (CH2O2) (puriss r.a.), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), citric acid (C6H8O7), sodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7·2H2O) of reagent grade, methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and acetonitrile (MeCN) of UHPLC grade were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The ultrapure water was produced using the reverse osmosis technique Mili-Q® Direct water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Ethanol etoh
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, Singapore
Ethanol (EtOH) is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used in laboratory settings. Its core function is as a solvent and disinfectant. Ethanol is miscible with water and many organic solvents, making it a versatile laboratory reagent.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dichloromethane dcm, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methanol meoh, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Tetraethyl orthosilicate teos, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile mecn, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol meoh, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
74 protocols using ethanol etoh
1
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
2
Antioxidant Evaluation of Natural Compounds
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Caffeic acid (98%, CAF) was purchased from Riedel de Haën (Seelze, Germany). Gallic acid (99.5%, GAL), DPPH radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 90%), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), FeCl3·6H2O, and quercetin (QUERC) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, AlCl3, and Νa2CO3 (99.8%) were from Panreac Quimica (Barcelona, Spain). HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH), as well as acetic acid were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other common reagents and solvents were of the appropriate purity from various suppliers. The water used was deionized, obtained by an ion-exchange resin system (ZALION 2000, IONEL, Athens, Greece) with a minimum resistance of 800,000 Ω/cm.
3
Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Plant Extracts
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All chemicals were of analytical grade, purchased from Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA)/Italy-Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy) and used as received. In detail, these included the following: caffeine (CAF), theophylline (THEO), perchloric acid (HClO4), 70%, acetic acid (AA), potassium hydroxide (KOH) ≥ 85% pellets, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), ferulic acid (FA), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), and formic acid (FA). Ethanol (EtOH) was purchased from Merck/Italy-Sigma-Aldrich; HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Carlo Erba (Milano, Italy); HPLC-grade water was freshly prepared by the Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Vimodrone, Italy). Medium-molecular-weight chitosan (CS, 5800 g mol−1), composed of β-(1-4)-linked d -glucosamine and N-acetyl-d -glucosamine with a degree of deacetylation of 75–85% was purchased from Merck/Italy-Sigma-Aldrich.
4
Synthesis of Silica-Polymer Composite Particles
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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, ≥99%, 250 mL) and a Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PolyDADMAC) aqueous solution (average Mw 4 00 000–5 00 000, 20 wt% in H2O) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethanol (EtOH, absolute for analysis, 1 L) was acquired from Merck. An ammonium hydroxyde aqueous solution (NH4OH in water, 25% v/v, 1 L) was acquired from VWR Chemicals. The small silica particles used as asperities, i.e. “berries”, (200 nm, 10 mg mL−1 in water) were acquired from nanoComposix. The small polystyrene particles used as fluorescent berries (Fluospheres) were acquired from ThermoFischer scientific.
5
Cationic Dextrin-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Dextrin from maize starch, glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), cytochrome C from equine heart, β-mercaptoethanol, cell proliferation assay kit II (XTT), and fluoroshield with DAPI mounting media were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Annexin V/PI staining kit was purchased from BD. JC-1 dye was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Primary monoclonal antibodies (rabbit mAb) for western blot were purchased from CST (cell signalling technologies). Horseradish-conjugated secondary antibody (anti-rabbit origin) was purchased from Merck. ABTS substrate was purchased from SRL. Ethanol (EtOH) was purchased from Merck, Germany. DMEM culture medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), penicillin–streptomycin (Pen-Strep), and sodium pyruvate were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Gibco). Ultrapure water (resistivity = 18.2 MΩ cm) was used in all experiments.
6
Dengue Virus Detection Assay Development
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Dengue virus monoclonal
antibody, all serotype (Anti-Dengue NS1), and dengue virus antigen
(DENV-NS1 Serotype 3) (Ag ≥ 95%) were purchased from MyBiosource,
USA. Copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2), trimesic
acid (H3BTC) with 95% of purity, Nafion, potassium ferricyanide(III)
(K3Fe(CN)6) (99%), bovine serum albumin (BSA), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide
hydrochloride (EDC), and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS)
were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Singapore. Triethanolamine (TEOA)
and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Merck, Singapore. Phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS) was purchased from Biogear Scientific. All reagents were
purchased in analytical grade and used without purification.
antibody, all serotype (Anti-Dengue NS1), and dengue virus antigen
(DENV-NS1 Serotype 3) (Ag ≥ 95%) were purchased from MyBiosource,
USA. Copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2), trimesic
acid (H3BTC) with 95% of purity, Nafion, potassium ferricyanide(III)
(K3Fe(CN)6) (99%), bovine serum albumin (BSA), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide
hydrochloride (EDC), and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS)
were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Singapore. Triethanolamine (TEOA)
and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Merck, Singapore. Phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS) was purchased from Biogear Scientific. All reagents were
purchased in analytical grade and used without purification.
7
Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds
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Gallic, caffeic, protocatechuic, sinapic, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic, m-coumaric, o-coumaric, p-coumaric acids and resveratrol and rutin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); ferulic, isoferulic, and vanillic acid from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Formic acid, ACN, and ethanol (EtOH) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Bedford, MA, USA). All samples (WP and PB) and standards were treated in a room with light filters to avoid polyphenol oxidation.
8
Resveratrol, Nicotine, and Urethane Effects on Drosophila
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Resveratrol (RES, CAS No. 501-36-0, 99% purity), nicotine (NIC, CAS No. 54-11-5, 99% purity), ethyl carbamate (urethane: URE, CAS-No. 51-79-6, 99% purity), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis MO, USA. Ethanol (EtOH, CAS No. 64-27-5, 99% purity) was bought from Merck KGaA®, Darmstadt, Germany. Aqueous solutions of NIC, EtOH, and URE were made using Milli-Q water. A 1% EtOH solution was used as co-solvent in the RES treatment. Formula 4-24 Drosophila Instant Medium (DIM) was purchased from Carolina Biological Supply Company (Burlington, NC, USA).
9
Mass Spectrometry Sample Preparation
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Acetone p.a., acetonitrile p.a. (ACN), acetic acid (96%), and ethanol (EtOH; 96%) were obtained from Merck. Alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3), Coomassie brilliant blue R250 (CBB), DTT, iodoacetamide, and TFA were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. 5% mini-PROTEAN TBE gel was obtained from Bio-Rad. Sequencing grade–modified trypsin was obtained from Promega and C18 ZipTips from Merck Millipore.
10
XAD7HP Resin for Metal Ions Removal
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The following substances and reagents from Sigma Aldrich and Merck were purchased: XAD7HP resin produced in France, AB 113 (disodium; 8-anilino-5-[[4-[(3-sulfonatophenyl) diazenyl] naphthalen-1-yl] diazenyl] naphthalene-1-sulfonate) and acetone (Ac) from Sigma Aldrich were purchased. The XAD7HP is acrylic ester resin being proper for high molecular organic compounds and metals is only moderately polar. Short information about the characteristics of XAD7HP in the data sheet [17 ] and in previous research [18 (link)] are presented. The ethanol (EtOH) and 37% HCl density 1.16 g/mL (analytical purity without traces of metals) were obtained from Merck. Certified reference materials (CRM) of 1000 mg/L Cr(NO3)3, Zn(NO3)2 and Mn(NO3)2 in 0.5 mol/L HNO3 (Merck) were used for the necessary metal ions solutions testing of XAD7HP-AB 113 and MS-AB 113 materials obtained. A 100 mg/L CRM solution containing 21 metallic elements in 3% HNO3 of As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl, Ti, V and Zn (Merck) was used to plot the calibration curves.
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