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120 protocols using percp cy5

1

Immunophenotyping of Cell Suspensions

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One million cells were suspended in 500 µl FACS staining buffer (0.2% BSA fraction V and 0.09% Sodium azide in PBS) containing 20 µg/ml antibodies. After incubation for 60 min at 4°C, the cells were washed with PBS and resuspended in 1 ml FACS staining buffer for flow cytometric analysis. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), peridinin chlorophyll protein-Cy5.5 (PerCP-Cy5.5), or Alexa Fluor 647-coupled antibodies against CD11b, CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90, and CD105 (Becton Dickinson) were used. For isotype controls, FITC-, PE-, PerCP-Cy5.5-, or Alexa Fluor 647-coupled nonspecific rat immunoglobulin G (IgG; Becton Dickinson) was substituted for the primary antibody. Cell fluorescence was evaluated by flow cytometry using a FACSVerse instrument (Becton Dickinson). The data were analyzed using FACSuite software (Becton Dickinson).
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2

Profiling PD-1 and LAG-3 expression on T cells

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CD4 and CD8 T cells from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), draining lymph nodes, and TILs were stained for PD-1 (APC conjugate; BD Biosciences) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3; FITC; Lifespan Biosciences, Seattle, WA) expression. The cells were also co-stained with CD4 or CD8 (PE or PE-Texas Red, PerCP-Cy5.5, respectively, BD Biosciences) for these analyses. For sorting, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with CD3 (AF-700; BD Biosciences) and PD-1 (APC; BD Biosciences), and CD3+ cells were sorted based on PD-1 expression using the FACSAria (BD Biosciences). Sorted cells were stimulated in a 96-well plate for 3 hours at 37°C with PMA (20 ng/mL) and ionomycin (1 μg/mL) in the presence of Golgi-stop (BD Biosciences). Cells were then stained for CD4 (PE-Texas Red; BD Biosciences), CD8 (PerCP-Cy5.5; BD Biosciences), and intracellular IFN-γ (FITC; BD Biosciences) using the BD Cytofix/Cytoperm kit, in accord with the manufacturer’s recommended protocol. Flow cytometry was conducted using a FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences) or LSR II (BD Biosciences) and data were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, San Carlos, CA).
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3

Multiparametric Phenotypic Profiling of PBMCs

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Cryopreserved PBMCs (>90% viability) were thawed in supplemented RPMI-1640 medium (10% human serum, penicillin/ streptomycin (Invitrogen), 2 mmol/l l-glutamine (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California, USA)), before being stained on ice for 30 minutes as previously described [6 (link)]. Cells prepared for analysis of total CD4+ and CD8+ populations were stained with fluorochromatic antibodies provided by BD Bioscience using 2.5 μl of CD3 (PE), CD4 (PE-Cy7), and CD8 (APC-Cy7) antibodies. For analysis of CD4+ subpopulations, 2.5 μl of CD3 (APC; BD Bioscience), 2.5 μl of CD4 (PerCP-Cy5.5; BD Bioscience), 1 μl of CD45RA (APC-Cy7; BioLegend), 3 μl of CCR7 (PE-Cy7; BD Bioscience), and 1.5 μl of CD27 (PE; BD Bioscience) antibodies was used. Analysis of CD8+ T cell subpopulations used a similar staining strategy to the CD4+ T cell subpopulation method, with the substitution of 2.5 μl of CD3 (PerCP-Cy5.5; BD Bioscience) in place of the APC version and 2.5 μl of CD8 (APC; BD Bioscience) in place of the CD4 to gate the total CD8+ T cell population. All stained cells prepared were washed and resuspended in 300 μl of 1× PBS prior to flow analysis or prior to subsequent staining with mitochondrial dyes.
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4

Characterization of T-cell Cytokine Profiles

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Cells were stimulated with 50 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; Sigma) and 1 μM ionomycin (Sigma) with transport inhibitor GolgiStop (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) in a cell incubator with 5% CO2, at 37 °C, for 4 h. Cells were transferred to tubes and washed with PBS. Cells were stained with anti-human CD4 antibodies conjugated with FITC (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) for 30 min, at 4 °C. After fixation and permeabilization, cells were incubated with anti-human IFNγ antibodies conjugated with PerCP-Cy5.5, anti-human IL-4 antibodies conjugated with APC, and anti-human FoxP3 antibodies conjugated with PerCP-Cy5.5 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) for 30 min, at 4 °C. Isotype controls were used to correct nonspecific binding. Cells were analyzed with BD FACS Canto II flow cytometer (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), and data were analyzed with FlowJo software (Becton, Dickinson and Company).
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5

Quantification of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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MSCs were detached from the plastic using TrypLETM Select 10× and resuspended at a concentration of 1 × 107 cells/mL in BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer. They were added to labelled tubes with the antibodies from the BD Stemflow™ Human MSC Analysis Kit: FITC Mouse Anti-Human CD90 (5 µL); PE Mouse Anti-Human CD44 (5 µL); PerCP-Cy™ 5.5 Mouse Anti-Human CD105 (5 µL); APC Mouse Anti-Human CD73 (5 µL); hMSC Positive Isotype Control Cocktail (20 µL); PE hMSC Negative Isotype Control Cocktail (20 µL); hMSC Positive Cocktail (20 µL) containing CD90 FITC, CD105 PerCP-Cy™ 5.5, CD73, and APC; and PE hMSC Negative Cocktail (20 µL) containing CD34 PE, CD11b PE, CD19 PE, CD45 PE, and HLA-DR PE. Volumes of 100 µL of the prepared cell suspension were added to the tubes outlined in step 2. The tubes were incubated in the dark for 30 min on ice. The cells were washed twice with BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer and resuspended at 300–500 µL in BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer and analyzed on a flow cytometer.
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6

Characterization of Lung-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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Cells, isolated from whole lung or MPs and EXs as described above, were stained with the following FITC- or PE- or PerCP-Cy5.5 labeling antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, NK1.1, γδTCR, CD69 and Annexin V (BD Pharmigen) and analyzed by Attune® Acoustic Focusing Cytometer (Thermo Scientific-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Isotype control was used for all the samples. MPs and EXs were defined as Annexin V positive cells. To measure the size of MPs and EXs, we used calibration beads from 0.1 to 3 µm in diameter, as previously described. 48 (link), 49 (link)
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7

Characterization of Lung-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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Cells, isolated from whole lung or MPs and EXs as described above, were stained with the following FITC- or PE- or PerCP-Cy5.5 labeling antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, NK1.1, γδTCR, CD69 and Annexin V (BD Pharmigen) and analyzed by Attune® Acoustic Focusing Cytometer (Thermo Scientific-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Isotype control was used for all the samples. MPs and EXs were defined as Annexin V positive cells. To measure the size of MPs and EXs, we used calibration beads from 0.1 to 3 µm in diameter, as previously described. 48 (link), 49 (link)
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8

Detailed Multicolor Flow Cytometry Protocol

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Spleens, inguinal lymph nodes, blood and peritoneal fluids were isolated from WT T505A mice. For blood samples, red blood cell lysis was performed using Pharm Lyse lysis buffer (BD) according to manufacturer's instructions. Following the generation of single-cell suspensions, total cell counts were calculated in the presence of trypan blue (Sigma–Aldrich) using a haemocytometer, followed by incubation with anti-CD16/CD32 Fc-Blocking antibody (clone 2.4G2 (BD Pharmingen)). Distinction between live and apoptotic/necrotic cells was performed based on staining with LIVE/DEAD Aqua (Life Technologies). For cell surface marker detection cells were stained with a combination of FITC, PE, APC, PerCP-Cy5.5, APC-Cy7 conjugated monoclonal antibodies (BD Pharmigen). For detection of Foxp3, intracellular staining was performed using a Fix/Perm kit (eBiosciences). See below for additional antibody information. All samples were acquired using a three laser FACS Canto II (BD Bioscience) and the data were subsequently analysed using FlowJo (version 9 or X; Treestar, U.S.A.).
Antibodies used in flow cytometric analysis of lymphoid tissue cells
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9

Mouse Spleen Lymphocyte Isolation and Activation

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Single cell suspensions were obtained from the spleen of experimental mice by mechanically squeezing the tissue with glass slides in cold PBS and filtered through a 70-μm-nylon cell strainer. Red blood cells in the filtrate were lysed by alternate washing with 1.4% NH4Cl and sterile PBS followed by incubation of 5 minutes on ice and centrifugation at 1,500 rpm. Spleen lymphocytes were then suspended in RPMI media supplemented with 2mM glutamine, 25mM HEPES, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 50μM 2-mercaptoethanol, penicillin (100U/ml) and streptomycin (100μg/ml). Cell counts were subsequently determined using the trypan blue exclusion test on a bright-lined Neubauer counting chamber. Cells (106 cells/well) were stimulated with 5 μg/ml of ES products and incubated for 48h at 37°C, 5% CO2 atmosphere. After incubation, cells were centrifuged, washed with PBS, and stained with monoclonal antibodies against CD69 (H1.2F3), CD8 (4D11), CD4 (H12919) and CD3 (1452C11) labeled with FITC, PE or PerCpCy5.5 (BD Pharmigen, San Diego, CA). To remove unbound antibodies, cells were washed in 2ml PBS supplemented with 10% ACD, 0.2% NaN3 and 10mM EDTA-K2 (Tliba et al., 2002 (link)). Cells were collected and analyzed using a FACSort (Becton and Dickinson, San Jose, CA).
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10

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry of Lymphocyte Populations

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The following labelled murine anti-human monoclonal antibodies were used
to delineate lymphocyte populations by flow cytometry analysis: anti-CD3 (clone
UCHT1l) labeled with phycoerythrin-Texas Red-X (ECD) (Beckman Coulter, USA),
anti-CD4 (clone RPA-T4) labeled with V500 (BD Horizon, USA), anti-CD25 (clone
BC96) labeled with allophycocyanin with cyanin-7 (APCcy7) (Biolegend, USA),
anti-CD127 (clone A19D5) labeled with brilliant violet 421 (BV421) (Biolegend),
anti- FoxP3 (clone 236a) labeled with peridinin chlorophyll protein complex with
cyanin-5.5 (PerCP-Cy5.5) (BD Pharmigen), anti-CD39 (clone eBioA1) labeled with
phycoerythrin (PE) (eBioscience, USA), anti-CTLA-4 (clone L3D10) labeled with
allophycocyanin (APC) (Biolegend), anti-CD69 (clone FN50) labeled with
phycoerythrin-carbocyanin (PE-Cy7) (Biolegend), anti-HLA-DR (clone L243) labeled
with Alexa 700 (BD Pharmigen), anti-TNFRII (clone 22235) labeled with
fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (R&D Systems, USA), anti-OX40 (clone
ACT35) labeled with PE-Cy7 (Biolegend), anti-GITR (110416) labeled with FITC
(R&D Systems), anti-CD45RO (clone UCHL1) labeled with APC (Biolegend),
and anti-CD45RA labeled with Alexa 700 (Biolegend). Antibody panels used in this
study are presented in Supplementary Table 1. We titrated each antibody and selected its
final dilution for an optimal specific staining associated with a low
background.
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