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20 protocols using env 022v

1

Lever Press Conditioning for Pellet Reward

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The rats first learned to retrieve food pellets (45 mg TestDiet 5TUM, 45 mg Bio-Serv #50021) from a recessed “food magazine” (3.0 cm × 3.6 cm × 2.0 cm, length × width × depth) located on the front wall of a rectangular shaped conditioning chamber (BRS Foringer RC series, measuring 30.5 cm × 24.0 cm × 25.0 cm, length × width × height). These chambers were housed inside separate sound- and light-resistant shells (Med Associates, ENV-022V). During each of 2 days, the rats were placed in the conditioning chambers for 2, 20-min sessions. In each session, one of the two pellet types was delivered to the food magazine 20 times at random, with the order counterbalanced. A response lever (4.0 cm in width) was located 3.0 cm to the left of the magazine and 8.0 cm above the chamber floor (that consisted of steel rods spaced 2.0 cm apart). On the next day the rats learned to press this response lever to obtain food reward, until 30 rewards of each type were earned.
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2

Rat Operant Conditioning Apparatus

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Experiment 2 occurred in the same eight commercially available operant chambers as Experiment 1 (ENV-008, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT) with two levers arranged on either side of one wall with a light above each and a houselight above the chamber on the opposite wall. A trough was positioned between the levers where rats could access food pellets (45 mg chow flavored, BioServ, Frenchtown, NJ) and solutions (via a 0.1 mL dipper mechanism) when they were delivered. Chambers were also equipped with a speaker connected to a tone generator (ANL-926, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT). Stimuli presentation, reinforcement delivery, and response recording were controlled using a program written and executed with commercially available software (Med-PC IV, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT). Operant chambers were housed in ventilated, light and sound attenuating cubicles (ENV-022V, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT). Pink noise was generated in the room housing operant equipment to further isolate tones within the operant chamber.
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3

Operant Conditioning for Intracranial Self-Stimulation

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Mice were trained on a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule to respond for stimulation via a wheel manipulandum (ENV-113AM; Med Associates, St. Albans, VT, USA) within an operant chamber (15.24 × 13.34 × 12.7 cm; ENV-307A-CT; Med Associates) as previously described (Fish et al. 2012 (link); Carlezon and Chartoff 2007 (link)). Operant chambers were placed inside closed sound-attenuating cubicles (ENV-022V; Med Associates). For every ¼ turn of the response wheel, a 500-ms train of square-wave, cathodal current (100-ms pulses) was delivered at a constant frequency of 142 Hz through a stimulator (PHM-150B/2; Med Associates). Each stimulation was followed by a 500-ms time-out period during which responses were counted but not reinforced by stimulation. The current intensity was adjusted for each subject to the lowest value that produced > 500 responses during a 45-min period across at least three consecutive training sessions (−50 to −140 μA). The minimum effective current for each subject was held constant throughout the rest of the study. All behavioral procedures were performed using Med-PC V software (Med Associates).
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4

Operant Conditioning Experiment Setup

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Experiment 2 occurred in the same eight commercially available operant chambers as Experiment 1 (ENV-008, Med-Associates, Georgia, Vermont, United States), with two levers arranged on either side of one wall with a light above each and a houselight above the chamber on the opposite wall. A trough was positioned between the levers where rats could access food pellets (45 mg chow flavored, BioServ, Frenchtown, New Jersey, United States) and solutions (via a 0.1-mL dipper mechanism) when they were delivered. Chambers were also equipped with a speaker connected to a tone generator (ANL-926, Med-Associates, Georgia, Vermont). Stimuli presentation, reinforcement delivery, and response recording were controlled using a program written and executed with commercially available software (Med-PC IV, Med-Associates, Georgia, Vermont). Operant chambers were housed in ventilated, light- and sound-attenuating cubicles (ENV-022V, Med-Associates, Georgia, Vermont). Pink noise was generated in the room housing operant equipment to further isolate tones within the operant chamber.
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5

Circadian Rhythms in CD-1 Mice

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CD-1 mice (n=13 females and 12 males; Charles Rivers), age approximately
3 months, were assessed in their home cage environment housed in a sound
attenuation chamber (ENV-022V, Med Associates, Inc.) over a 24 hour period (12
hr light/dark cycle). All mice had ad libitum access to food and water. Animals
not actively recorded were caged with four mice of the same sex in each cage.
The animal protocol was approved by the University of Florida Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committee.
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6

Behavioral Assessment of CD-1 Mice

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Equal numbers of male and female CD-1 mice (total n = 48) from the same distribution source (Charles Rivers) were housed in one animal room with four mice of the same sex housed in the same home cage. Each mouse was individually assessed in an identical home cage located in a sound attenuation chamber (ENV-022V, Med Associates, Inc.) in the same animal room, so minimal relocation of animals was required for the behavioral assessment. All mice were housed and assessed with ad libitum access to water and food and were maintained in a normal 12 hr light/dark cycle at an average temperature of 25°C. Each sound attenuation chamber was ventilated and equipped with the same 12 hr light/dark cycle schedule to maintain continuity with the animal room. The animal care and experimental procedures were in compliance and approved by the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
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7

Operant Chambers for Sucrose Consumption

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A set of eight identical operant chambers (interior dimensions: 21.6 × 17.8 × 12.7 cm; ENV-307W, Med Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VT, USA), enclosed in sound-attenuating cubicles (ENV-022V, Med Associates) were used. The operant chambers were controlled by Med-PC IV software (Med Associates). The side walls were made from aluminium, and the front and back walls and the ceiling were made from clear Perspex. The chamber floors each comprised a grid of 24 stainless steel rods (0.32 cm diameter), spaced 0.79 cm apart and running perpendicular to the front of the chamber (ENV-307W-GFW, Med Associates). Retractable sippers (ENV-352AW, Med Associates) and a small hole in one wall of each chamber allowed graduated pipettes to be extended into, and retracted from, the chambers. The graduated pipette (10:0.1 ml) allowed measurement of consumption by comparing the volumes before and after testing. Contact lickometer controllers (ENV-250, Med Associates) allowed contacts between the mice and the graduated pipettes to be recorded at a resolution of 0.01 s. A fan (ENV-025F, Med Associates) was located within each of the sound-attenuating cubicles and was turned on during sessions. Sucrose solutions were made weight/volume with commercially available sucrose in distilled water. Flavours used were cherry, grape, orange and apple Kool Aid (0.05% w/v, Kraft Foods USA, Rye Brook, NY, USA).
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8

Operant Conditioning Chamber Setup

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Experiments occurred in commercially available operant chambers (ENV-008, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT.) with two levers arranged on either side of one wall with a light above each and a houselight above the chamber on the opposite wall. A trough was positioned between the levers where rats could access food pellets (45 mg chow flavored, BioServ, Frenchtown, NJ) and solutions (via a 0.1 mL dipper mechanism) when they were delivered. Chambers were also equipped with a speaker connected to a tone generator (ANL-926, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT). Stimuli presentation, reinforcement delivery, and response recording were controlled using a custom program written and executed with commercially available software (Med-PCIV, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT). Operant chambers were housed in ventilated, light and sound attenuating cubicles (ENV-022V, Med-Associates, Georgia, VT). Pink noise was generated in the room housing operant equipment to further isolate tones within the operant chamber.
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9

Behavioral Assessment of CD-1 Mice

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Animals that were used in this study were the same ones as described in a previous report [10 (link)]. A total of 34 CD-1 mice (Charles Rivers) consisting of 17 males and 17 females (age 3–9 months) were housed in the same animal room with four male or female mice residing in the same home cage. Mice were individually assessed in a sound attenuation chamber (ENV-022V, Med Associates, Inc.) in the same room as they were housed. All mice had ad libitum access to water and food and were exposed to a 12 hr light/dark cycle with the room maintained at an average temperature of 25°C. Mice were maintained in the sound attenuation chamber with the same 12 hr light/dark cycle schedule as the animal room. The University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the animal protocol for this study.
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10

Fear Conditioning in Mice: Protocol

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Approximately 1 week after completing Barnes maze testing, mice underwent fear conditioning training within operant boxes (15.24 × 13.34 × 12.7 cm; ENV-307A-CT; Med Associates) inside closed sound-attenuating cubicles (ENV-022V; Med Associates). Day 1 of training consisted of 3 min habituation to the conditioning context followed by the presentation of a 20 s auditory tone (75 dB, 2 kHz) (ENV-323HAM; Med Associates). At the end of the tone, a 2 s 0.5 mA foot-shock (ENV-414; Med Associates) was delivered. Each foot-shock was followed by a 3 min interval with no auditory cue or foot-shocks. A total of 3 tone/foot-shock pairings were delivered. On day 2, mice were placed in the same context as day 1 without any auditory cues or foot-shocks. To strengthen the experience of a novel environment, on day 3, mice were placed in the same chambers as on day 1 and 2 with altered floor textures and wall color. Peppermint oil was used an odor cue to further solidify the new testing context. Mice underwent a 3 min context-habituation period followed by the same tone delivered on day 1. No foot-shocks were delivered on day 3. A total of 3 tones were presented, each followed by a 3 min interval with no tone.
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