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28 protocols using balb cbyj mice

1

Murine Model of Sepsis Treatment

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BALB/cByJ mice (8–10 week-old females; Charles River Laboratories) were weighed and randomly distributed into groups of 9–10 animals of equal mean body weight. Mice were injected i.p. with 1.1 × 105 CFU E. coli O18 (Ciarlo et al., 2016 (link)). Two minutes after bacterial challenge, mice were injected i.p. with PBS, TAT-RasGAP317−326 diluted in PBS or ceftriaxone as described in the figure legends. Mice were monitored at least twice daily to register severity scores, body weight, and survival as described (Roger et al., 2013 (link)). Blood samples were harvested from the facial vein for quantification of circulating bacteria. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were analyzed by the log-rank sum test. Statistical differences for bacterial blood counts were assessed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. Analyses were performed using PRISM (GraphPad Software). All reported P-values are two-sided and values of <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.
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2

BALB/cByJ Mice Immunization with MBP-P18FL

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Six-week-old female BALB/cByJ mice (Charles River) were immunized with MBP-P18FL following four subcutaneous injections at days 0, 14, 28, and 42 [25 μg of MBP-P18FL per injection in combination with Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) at day 0 and incomplete Freund adjuvant (IFA) at days 14, 28, and 42]. Blood samples were collected at day −1 (preimmune serum) and at day 52 (immune serum). Mice immunization was performed by Biotem (Grenoble, France, ISO9001:2015; certificate FR0536014-1). Animal immunization was executed in strict accordance with good animal practices, following the European Union (EU) animal welfare legislation and after approval of the INSERM and Biotem ethical committees.
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3

Platinum Compound Toxicity in Mice

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Six-weeks-old female BALB/cByJ mice (n = 45), Specific-Pathogen-Free (SPF), were obtained from Charles River Laboratories (L’Arbresle, France). The animals were acclimatized for 1 week at the ICBAS-UP Rodent Animal House Facility (Porto, Portugal) and randomly placed in individual ventilated cages (5 animals per cage), containing enrichment material. The mice were housed in the conditions described elsewhere [29 (link)]. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (15 animals/group), to be treated via intraperitoneal injection in single doses (200 µL) of either (i) cDDP (3.5 mg/kg body weight, in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS)), (ii) Pd2Spm (3.0 mg/kg body weight, in PBS and in 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)) or (iii) vehicle solution (PBS: H2PO4 1.5 mM, Na2HPO4 4.3 mM, KCl 2.7 mM, NaCl 150 mM, pH 7.4). All solutions injected were sterile filtered. The physical condition of the animals was monitored, and all animals were weighed at the start and end of experiments (20.1 ± 1.7 g and 20.3 ± 1.6 g, respectively). Five animals per group were sacrificed at 1, 12, and 48 h post-injection, with pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection (120 mg/kg) followed by cardiac puncture. One control mouse developed inflammation and was thus excluded from the cohort. Mice brains were excised, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored (−80 °C) until extraction.
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4

BALB/cBYJ Mice Colonization Study

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Specified opportunistic pathogen-free (SOPF) female BALB/cBYJ mice were obtained from Charles River (Saint-Germain-sur-l’Arbresle, France). These S. aureus-free animals were 11–13 weeks old on the day of infection, and were given food and water ad libitum. Before each experiment, one mouse per group was sacrificed to confirm the S. aureus-free status in terms of cultures of fresh fecal and nasal microbiota and the absence of anti-staphylococcal IgG levels in blood (see below). The animal experimental protocols adhered to the rules laid down in the Dutch Animal Experimentation Act and the EU Animal Directive 2010/63/EU, and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam approved the present protocols (permit number: EMC2415).
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5

Hepatoprotective effects of FXR agonist OCA

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60 Male Wistar rats (Janvier, France) weighing 200–250 grams were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups (Supplementary Figure S1). In all animals, thioacetamide was used as hepatoxin, which was validated earlier19 (link) to induce histology-proven cirrhosis after 18 weeks of administration in drinking water. In a first, prophylactic arm of the study, either vehicle (group 1, TAA) or 10 mg/kg of the FXR agonist OCA (group 2, TAA + OCA) was administered by gavage every 2 days during the last 4 weeks of the TAA intoxication protocol (thus in the last phase of advanced fibrosis/cirrhogenesis). In a second, therapeutic arm of the study, again either vehicle (group 3, TAA + 4) or 10 mg/kg of the FXR agonist OCA (group 4, TAA + 4 + OCA) was administered through gavage every 2 days for 4 weeks after stopping the 18 week-regimen of TAA intoxication (thus after obtaining cirrhosis). Parenchymal liver cells were isolated from Balb/cByJ mice (25–35 g, Charles River Laboratories, France). Approval for all experiments was obtained from the KULeuven Animal Ethics Committee and all experiments were conducted according to the approved guidelines.
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6

BALB/cByJ Mouse Immunization Protocol

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All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., in Prague, Czech Republic. Handling of animals was performed according to the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the Act of the Czech National Assembly, Collection of Laws no. 246/1992. Permission no. 19/2020 was issued by the Animal Welfare Committee of the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague.
Five-week-old female BALB/cByJ mice (Charles River, France) were immunized by intraperitoneal injection with either the Ca2+-free or Ca2+-loaded proteins (1.5 μM in 200 μl) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (Alum, SevaPharma, Czech Republic) and incomplete Freund′s adjuvant (Sigma, USA), respectively. Control mice were vaccinated with the adjuvants with PBS. Mice received two doses of the vaccines in 2 weeks interval and 2 weeks after the second immunization, the blood was collected from anesthetized animals (i.p. injection of 80 mg/kg ketamine and 8 mg/kg xylazine) by retroorbital puncture method. Sera were recovered from the supernatant after centrifugation of clogged blood at 5000g for 10 min at 8 °C and stored at –20 °C.
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7

Evaluating BALB/cByJ Mouse Acclimation

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Twenty male BALB/cByJ mice between 7 to 8 weeks old were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (L’Arbresle, France) and housed at the Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (PBES, ENS Lyon, France) for seven days prior to experimentation. All animals were handled according to the institutional regulations and guidelines. The study and procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee of Rhône-Alpes for the Animal Experimentation (CECCAPP, Lyon, France) under the identification code ENS_2014_033, approved on 20 June 2014.
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8

Vitamin D3 Levels in Hypo-Allergenic Diet

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BALB/cByJ mice (8–9 weeks-old) were purchased from Charles River (L’Arbresle, France) and bred in individually ventilated cages and fed a hypo-allergen GP-free diet (4 kcal/g, 25% protein, 11% fat, 47% sugars, 5% fibers; AB Diets, Woerden, The Netherlands), which has a theoretical pre-manufacture level of 2900 IU/kg Vitamin D3. Due to the high sensitivity of vitamin D3 to light, air, heat and humidity, the actual level of Vitamin D3 might alter during manufacture. Female 7–9-week-old progeny were used for experiments (N = 8). The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (DEC) at the University of Groningen approved experiments under license number DEC6209 and all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Similar experimental and materials descriptions can be found in previous experiments21 .
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9

Balb/cByJ Mice Acclimatization Protocol

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Six-week old, Specific-Pathogen-Free (SPF), female BALB/cByJ mice (60 animals in total) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (L’Arbresle, France) and acclimatized at ICBAS-UP Rodent Animal House Facility (Porto, Portugal) for one week. Animals were randomly distributed into groups of five per individually ventilated cage and were housed under controlled SPF environmental conditions (temperature 22.5 ± 1.5 °C; relative humidity 50 ± 10%; 12 h light/dark cycle) with ad libitum access to water and standard pellet food (4RF21, Mucedola, Italy). Environmental enrichment included corncob bedding, paper roll tube and one large sheet of tissue paper for nesting. Animals were monitored daily for health status, and no adverse events were observed during the study.
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10

Genetically Modified Malaria Parasites

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Six- to eight-week-old male BALB/cByJ mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories Inc. (France). The PbCSGFP-Luc (Azevedo et al., 2017 (link)) and PbFluo-frmg (Ponzi et al., 2009 (link)) P. berghei parasite lines were employed in the experimental work, all of which was carried out under BSL1 or ABSL2 conditions. The former parasite line expresses the fusion gene gfp-luc under the control of the csp gene promotor (RMgm-152), and the latter expresses red fluorescent protein and green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of stage-specific promotors for female and male gametocytes, respectively (RMgm-164). The genes were integrated by double recombination into the silent 230p gene locus of the P. berghei genome.
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