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12 protocols using human ang 2

1

Ang II, Tamoxifen, and MTT Proliferation Assay

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Human Ang II, tamoxifen and cell proliferation reagent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Antibodies used to detect the protein expression levels of α-SMA (ab124964), OPN (ab8448), ERβ (ab92306), β-actin and β-tubulin were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-ERα antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.(Danvers, MA, USA). ERα small interfering (si)RNA and control siRNA were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas. TX, USA).
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2

Peptide Therapeutics Evaluation Protocol

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Throughout the in vivo and invitro study, human ANP 1–28 (catalog#005-06, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA), human BNP 1–32 (catalog#011-03, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA), and human ANGII (catalog#A9525, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) were used.
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3

Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension Model

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Male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-250 g, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) were cage- housed and maintained in a temperature-controlled room with a 12:12-h light-dark cycle, with free access to tap water and standard rat chow for 14 days. The animal protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at Sun Yat-sen University, China. Rats randomly received either sham operation, AngII infusion (Human AngII, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) via a subcutaneous osmotic minipump (Alzet model 2002, Alza, Palo Alto, CA) at a rate of 100 ng/min, or co-administered with ONO-AE3-208 (ONO) (MedChemexpress LLC, Princeton, NJ) 20 (link) at 0.2 mg/kg/d for 14 days. Under isoflurane anesthesia, the minipump was subcutaneously implanted in the back of the neck area. At the end of the experiment systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored by tail cuff plethysmography; the rats were placed in metabolic cages for 24-h urine collections. At day 14, under isoflurane anesthesia, blood was withdrawn from vena cava and kidneys were harvested and cut into cortex and inner medulla. To validate the blood pressure results, telemetry was performed in a separate experiment to monitor daily mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rats infused with AngII alone or in combination with ONO for 7 days at the same doses.
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4

Analyzing ILC2 Proliferation and Cytokine Production

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Purified ILC2s were cocultured with the indicated reagents (telmisartan; Sigma-Aldrich; PD123319, MedChemExpress) in RPMI-1640 complete medium containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin, in the presence of 20 ng/ml IL-2, IL-7, and IL-33, for 3 d. Human ILC2s were purified from fresh peripheral blood, and lung and mLN ILC2s were purified from WT and AT1a−/− mice. ILC2 proliferation and cytokine production were analyzed by FACS and ELISA.
For Ang II stimulation in vitro experiments, bulk mLN lymphocytes and purified mLN and lung ILC2s were incubated in complete RPMI-1640 (supplemented with 10% MSC FBS, and 1% streptomycin and penicillin) at 37°C and in 5% CO2. Lymphocytes or ILC2s were stimulated with human Ang II (1 µM unless stated otherwise; Sigma-Aldrich) for 4 h. For cytokine protein analysis in vitro (Fig. 2, B and C), ILC2s or lymphocytes were stimulated with 1× BFA under the indicated conditions (100 ng/ml IL-33, 1 µM Ang II, Ang II plus IL-33, or PMA plus ionomycin).
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5

Angiotensin II Signaling in Cardiovascular Cells

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Recombinant rat PDGF was purchased from R&D Systems. Human Ang II, losartan, sunitinib, wortmannin, and DAPT (N‐[N‐(3,5‐Difluorophenacetyl)‐L‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Primary antibodies of phospho‐Akt Ser473, phospho‐Akt Thr308, Akt, phospho‐PLCγ1 Tyr783, PLCγ1, 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase‐1 (PDK1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Notch2 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology; Hey2 antibody was purchased from Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology; antibody of Notch1 used in Western blot was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; and Notch1 intracellular domain (N1‐ICD) antibody used in immunohistochemistry was from Millipore.
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6

Intradermal AngII Injection in Zebrafish

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Human AngII (sigma) was dissolved in PBS at 10 mg/mL PBS. AngII in PBS (test) or PBS (control) was administered intradermally in adult zebrafish using Hamilton’s syringe. One day before the first injection, the fishes were anesthetized in 0.02% tricaine, weighed, and similar weight fishes were kept in a group. An amount of 1.5 µg AngII/g of zebrafish was injected intradermally at an interval of 12 h for 7, 14, and 30 days (Figure 1A). For injection, fishes were anesthetized, immobilized dorsally into a wet foam holder (Figure 1B), and injected intradermally. Post-injection, fishes were transferred into fresh water and revived. Revived fishes were kept in a state-of-the-art zebrafish aquarium and fed thrice per day. In the morning and evening, fishes were fed at least half an hour after the injection. After the stipulated injection period, fishes were anesthetized and weighed before sacrificing and heart isolation.
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7

Peptide Hormone Assays in Research

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Human ANP 1-28 (catalog#005-06, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA, USA), human BNP 1-32 (catalog#011-03, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA, USA), and human ANGII (catalog#A9525, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used in all our in vivo and in vitro studies.
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8

Cardiomyocyte Culture and Pharmacology

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Mouse atrial cardiomyocyte HL-1 cells were a gift from Dr. William Claycomb at Louisiana State University Medical Center and were cultured as described previously (18 (link), 23 (link)). Nebivolol was a gift from Forest Laboratories Inc. (New York) and rapamycin was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA). Human Ang II was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Losartan (AT1R inhibitor), PD123319 (AT2R inhibitor), apocynin (NADPH Oxidase inhibitor) and U73122 (Phospholipase C inhibitor) were purchased from TOCRIS Biosciences.
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9

Hypertension Induction Protocol

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Losartan potassium (Los) was purchased from PT Kalbe Farma. The human Ang II used to induce hypertension was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (product no. A9525, CAS no. 4474-91-3). All other chemicals used for experimental purposes were of analytical grade.
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10

Cardiomyocyte Culture and Pharmacology

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Mouse atrial cardiomyocyte HL-1 cells were a gift from Dr. William Claycomb at Louisiana State University Medical Center and were cultured as described previously (18 (link), 23 (link)). Nebivolol was a gift from Forest Laboratories Inc. (New York) and rapamycin was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA). Human Ang II was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Losartan (AT1R inhibitor), PD123319 (AT2R inhibitor), apocynin (NADPH Oxidase inhibitor) and U73122 (Phospholipase C inhibitor) were purchased from TOCRIS Biosciences.
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