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9 protocols using 5 μm syringe filter

1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Assay

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One vial of M. tuberculosis H37Rv logarithmic phase culture was thawed and centrifuged at 13,300 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was decanted. Subsequently, the bacterial pellet was resuspended in 1 mL of RPMI (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, United States) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% non-essential amino acids (Gibco), 1% essential amino acids (Gibco), and 1% sodium pyruvate (Sigma) and then transferred to a 14 mL tube. To remove any bacterial lumps or aggregates, the suspension was passed through a 5 μm syringe filter (Millipore), and the single-cell count was obtained using a Petroff-Hausser chamber (Hausser Scientific, Horsham, PA, United States). The cells were infected at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 (number of bacteria/cell).
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2

Neuron Isolation from C. elegans

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Synchronized day 1 adult worms expressing pan-neuronal GFP were used for neuron isolation. Worms were washed with M9 buffer to remove excess bacteria. Worm pellet (~250 μl) was then washed once with 500 μl lysis buffer (200 mM DTT, 0.25% SDS, 20 mM HEPES pH 8.0, 3% sucrose), resuspended in 750 μl lysis buffer and incubated with gentle rocking for 6.5 min at room temperature. Worms were washed 6x with M9 and resuspended in 250 μl of 20 mg ml−1 pronase from Streptomyces griseus (Sigma-Aldrich). Worms were incubated at room temperature (~20 min) with periodic mechanical disruption (100x pipetting every 5 min). When most worm bodies were dissociated, ice-cold PBS buffer containing 2% fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies) was added to stop the digestion reaction. Prior to sorting, cell suspensions were passed through a 5 μm syringe filter (Millipore). Cell suspension were stained with Hoechst and Propidium Iodide for at least 30min. GFP+, Hoechst+ and Propidium Iodide- cells were sorted on a BD Influx cell sorter at the Stanford Shared FACS Facility. As a control, the corresponding GFP-, Hoechst+, and Propidium Iodide- cells were also collected. Cells were directly sorted into RTL buffer from RNAeasy kit. Sorting gates were determined by comparison to day 1 adult wildtype N2 cell suspension without any labels. At least 2000 to 10000 cells were collected per sample.
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3

Isolation of BAG Neurons for RNA-seq

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Embryonic cell cultures for RNA-seq were prepared from wild-type and ets-5(tm1734) mutant animals expressing the BAG cell-specific and ets-5-independent marker wzIs135[Pdel::GFP] as previously described (Christensen et al. 2002 (link); Zhang et al. 2002 (link); Fox et al. 2005 (link)). Two biological replicates were prepared for each cell type. In brief, embryos were isolated from synchronized populations of hermaphrodites that were treated with hypochlorite, and dissociated into single cells by chitinase treatment. Cells were resuspended in L-15 medium supplemented with 10% FBS (Sigma) and antibiotics and passed through a 5-μm syringe filter (Millipore). Cells were plated onto poly-D-lysine coated single-well chambered cover glasses (Lab-Tek II) and incubated overnight at 25°C.
GFP-labeled BAG neurons were isolated ∼24 h after dissociation using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Dead cells were marked with propidium-iodide and excluded from sorted cells. Sorting was performed on a FACSAria Ilu SORP cell sorter using a 70-μm nozzle. Cells were sorted directly into RNA extraction buffer (10,000 cells/100 μL of buffer) and RNA was purified using the Arcturus PicoPure RNA isolation kit (Thermo Fisher). RNA integrity and concentration were evaluated using an Agilent Bioanalyzer.
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4

Measuring M. tuberculosis Susceptibility to INH

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M. tuberculosis H37Rv was grown to mid-log phase in supplemented 7H9. The culture was gravity-filtered through a 5-μm syringe filter (Millipore) and further diluted in the same media before plating on 7H10 containing varying concentrations of INH. Plates were incubated for 22 days at 37°C before measurement of colony size.
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5

Cell Isolation from Transgenic Worms

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Synchronized day 1 adult transgenic worms with GFP-labeled neurons, body wall muscle, hypodermis, or intestine (rgef-1p::NuGFP, myo-3p::NuGFP, dpy-7p::NLS::GFP, and ges-1p::NuGFP) were prepared for cell isolation. Cells were isolated following the procedure described previously118 (link),119 (link) with minor modifications. Briefly, worms were subjected to SDS-DTT treatment, proteolysis, and mechanical disruption. Cell suspensions were gently passed over a 5 μm syringe filter (Millipore) for neuron cell isolation; 20 μm filter (PluriSelect) for muscle and hypodermal cell isolation. To isolate intestinal cells, cell suspensions were passed through a 40 μm cell strainer (Falcon) and then spun at 800 × g for 3 min in a tabletop centrifuge. The filtered cells were diluted in PBS/20% FBS and sorted using BD FACS Aria II (BD Biosciences). Gates for detection were set by comparison to MQD2428 (hq363[daf-2::degron::mNeonGreen]) cell suspensions prepared on the same day from a population of worms synchronized alongside the experimental samples. Positive fluorescent events were sorted directly into tubes containing TRIzol LS (Invitrogen) for subsequent RNA extraction.
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6

Purification of Fluorescent Neurons

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Cells were briefly subjected to SDS-DTT treatment, proteolysis, mechanical disruption, cell filtering, as described in Adult cell isolation (above). Neuron cell suspensions were passed over a 5 μm syringe filter (Millipore). The filtered cells were diluted in osmo-balanced Leibovitz’s L-15/2% FBS and sorted using a FACS Aria IIIw/ DiVa (BD Biosciences; 488 nm excitation for GFP detection, 568 nm excitation for mCherry detection). Gates for detection were set by comparison to non-fluorescent N2 cell suspensions prepared on the same day from a population of worms synchronized alongside the experimental samples. Positive fluorescent events were sorted directly into Eppendorf tubes containing Trizol LS for subsequent RNA extraction. For each sample, approximately 30,000–130,000 GFP or mCherry positive events were collected, yielding 1–10 ng total RNA.
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7

High-Throughput Cell Sorting Protocol

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Neuronal cell suspensions were passed through a 5μm syringe filter (Millipore), while intestinal cell suspensions (in PBS/2% FBS) were passed through a 35 μm syringe filter and a 40 μm nylon mesh filter (Falcon). Filtered cells were then diluted in the same media as above and sorted using a Sony iCyt Synergy Dual Channel high speed cell sorter (488 nm excitation). Gates were used to eliminate cells with tdTomato and autofluorescence. GFP positive fluorescent events were collected in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes containing 10-20 μL PBS/2% FBS, and cells were kept on ice for RNA extraction. Collected positive fluorescent events varied between 20,000 and 60,000 events for intestinal samples, and between 100,000 and 300,000 events for neuronal samples.
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8

Fecal Microbiome Profiling by Flow Cytometry

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Mouse stool collected from the colon was homogenized in 1.5 mL of sterile PBS. Samples were then vortexed and filtered through a 5-μm syringe filter (Millipore) to remove solid components and host cells. Filtered samples were incubated for 1 h in 37 Celsius to allow for maturation of fluorophores and then analyzed by flow cytometry.
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9

Isolating T. gondii Tachyzoites

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T. gondii RHΔku80Δhxgprt (RHΔku80) and its mutants were maintained in a confluent monolayer of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) as previously described [33 (link)]. To isolate the tachyzoites, the samples were passed through a French press [34 (link)] and 5-μm syringe filter (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany).
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