Gold (III) chloride trihydrate 99.99% (HAuCl4); sodium citrate dehydrate 99%; 11-mercaptoundecanoid acid, 95% (MUA); absolute ethanol 99%; N-(3-imethylaminopropyl) -N′ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC); N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) 98%; phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); glycine–HCl (pH 3.0), and bovine serum albumin solution (BSA) 98% (1 mg/mL−1 in 10 mM PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased at Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The deionized water used in the current study came from a Millipore unit (Burlington, MA, USA). All working solutions were prepared with analytical grade chemicals.
Sodium citrate dehydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Sodium citrate dehydrate is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It functions as a buffer, maintaining a specific pH range in solutions. This compound is often utilized in various analytical and experimental procedures where controlled pH environments are required.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gold 3 chloride trihydrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gold 3 chloride hydrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ofloxacin powder, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Silver perchlorate monohydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Orthovanadate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
11 amino 1 undecanethiol hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bacto yeast extract, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Live dead backlight viability assay, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Bacto tryptone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hoechst 33342, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 mercaptoethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium phosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trehalose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
27 protocols using sodium citrate dehydrate
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles
2
Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3-6H2O), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2, 4H2O), ammonia solution (25%), perchloric acid (HClO4, 70–72 %), 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium citrate dehydrate, ammonia solution (25–28%), and Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl4) were purchased from Merck Chemicals. Orthopyridyldisulfide-polyethyleneglycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide (OPSS-PEG-SVA, molecular weight 5 kDa) was obtained from Laysan Bio and used as received. Thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH, molecular weight 2 kDa) was obtained from Iris Biotech GmbH, Marktredwitz, Germany and used as received. The breast carcinoma cell (SKBr-3) was purchased from the National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute. Distilled water was used throughout the experiments. A vial containing 150 mg of TZ (Herceptin, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) was obtained from the “Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences”.
3
Radiolabeling of Albumin-based Nanoparticles
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Human serum albumins and glutaraldehyde solution (25% v/v) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anhydrous ethanol (>95%) was purchased from J.T. Baker Inc. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) hydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Sodium citrate dehydrate was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). S-2-(4-Isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-DTPA) was purchased from Macrocyclics (Dallas, TX, USA). The 111In-InCl3 solution was obtained from the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (Taoyuan, Taiwan). Cell culture dishes, flasks, and plastic ware were purchased from Corning Inc (Corning, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum and cell culture medium were purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). Sepharose 4B gel and Poly-Prep chromatography columns were purchased from GE Healthcare (Chalfont St. Giles, UK) and Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA), respectively.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
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Silver nitrate (99.9%), sodium citrate dehydrate (99%), sodium borohydride (98%), hydrogen peroxide (30%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 2-mercaptoethanol (99%), 11-amino-1-undecanethiol hydrochloride (MUNH2, 99%), ofloxacin powder (99%), orthovanadate (≥90%), sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, Bacto-Tryptone, and Bacto Yeast Extract were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS, 98.5%, Pierce), 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 99%, Pierce), silver perchlorate monohydrate (99%, Alfa Aesar), live/dead backlight viability assay (Life Technologies), and Hoechst 33342 (Life Technologies) were purchased as indicated, and used as received. The cell line of Escherichia coli (wt w3110) was purchased from a genetic stock center (CGSC). Deionized (DI) water (18 MΩ water, Barnstead) was used to prepare all the solutions including a standard LB medium (1% tryptone peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, and 0.5% NaCl, pH = 7.2) and a modified LB medium (1% tryptone peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, and 0.1% NaCl, pH = 7.2).
5
Anti-inflammatory Compounds Screening
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Drugs and reagents used in this study (and their sources) were as follows: Croton oil (≈100%), arachidonic acid (AA, ≥99%), phenol (≥99%), capsaicin (≥99%), ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP, 98%), dexamethasone (Dexa, ≥97%), indomethacin (Indo, ≥99%), phosphoric acid (85%), rutin hydrate (≥94%), quercetin (≥95%), kaempferol (≥99%), apigenin (≥99%), apigenin7-O-β-d -glucoside (≥98%), luteolin (≥97%), luteolin 7-O-β-d -glucoside (≥98%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (≥99%), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride hydrate (≥98%), p-nitrophenyl-acetamide-µ-d -glucopyranoside (≥98%), sodium phosphate (96%), glycine (≥98.5%), and sodium citrate dehydrate (≥99%) (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99.7%), hexane (≥99%), ethyl acetate (≥99%), and acetone (≥99%) (Vetec Química Farm Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), acetonitrile (≥99.9%) (Tedia, Brazil), and ketamine chloride (10%) and xylazine chloride (2%) (Syntec, Hortolândia, SP, Brazil).
6
Nanoparticle-Based EXPAR Assay
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EXPAR templates, DNA targets and DNA probe functionalized on AuNPs were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies. The sequences of DNA used are shown in Table 2 . The Vent (exo-) polymerase, Nt.BtsNBI nicking enzyme, the ThermoPol buffer, the NEBuffer 3.1, BSA, SSB proteins, dNTPs and the Streptavidin magnetic beads, were purchased from New England BioLabs. The Biotin-11-dUTP was obtained from Biotium. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, betaine, DMSO, trehalose, TMAC, and HAuCl4, sodium citrate dehydrate, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
7
Synthesis of 13 nm AuNPs via Citrate Reduction
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Sodium citrate dehydrate and HAuCl4 were from Sigma Aldrich (St.
Louis, MO, USA). AuNPs (13 nm in diameter) were prepared via HAuCl4citrate reduction. All glassware was cleaned in KOH-IPA (potassium
hydroxide+isopropyl alcohol) solution and washed with pure
H2O. A 50 mL of a 38.8 mM trisodium citrate solution was rapidly
mixed with HAuCl4 solution (1 mM, 500 mL), resulting in a change of
color from yellow to dark red. The solution was then refluxed for another 15 min
to cool it down to 25°C. The characteristics of the AuNPs were verified
using a surface plasmon band centered at 520 nm (Grabar et al., 1995 (link)).
Louis, MO, USA). AuNPs (13 nm in diameter) were prepared via HAuCl4citrate reduction. All glassware was cleaned in KOH-IPA (potassium
hydroxide+isopropyl alcohol) solution and washed with pure
H2O. A 50 mL of a 38.8 mM trisodium citrate solution was rapidly
mixed with HAuCl4 solution (1 mM, 500 mL), resulting in a change of
color from yellow to dark red. The solution was then refluxed for another 15 min
to cool it down to 25°C. The characteristics of the AuNPs were verified
using a surface plasmon band centered at 520 nm (Grabar et al., 1995 (link)).
8
Bacterial Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol
9
Evaluation of Sperm Viability using HOST
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Evaluation of sperm viability was done by using the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). The sperm suspension was mixed with a hypo-osmotic swelling solution in a ratio of 1:10. The hypo-osmotic swelling solution was prepared by adding 0.735 sodium citrate dehydrate (Sigma Aldrich, Germany) and 1.351 g d -fructose (Sigma Aldrich, Germany) in 100 mL distilled water. The mixture was incubated at 37°C for 30 min. About 10 µl from the mixture was placed on the microscope slide, smeared and let dry at room temperature.
In order to enhance the visibility of the sperm under bright field microscope visualization, the smear was stained with Diff Quick staining where the slides were dipped in Diff Quick Fix, Diff Quick 1 and Diff Quick II for 5 min respectively. Following this, the slides were rinsed and room dry. The viable sperm were then counted under 40 × magnification out of 200 sperm cells. Counting was done in duplicate.
In order to enhance the visibility of the sperm under bright field microscope visualization, the smear was stained with Diff Quick staining where the slides were dipped in Diff Quick Fix, Diff Quick 1 and Diff Quick II for 5 min respectively. Following this, the slides were rinsed and room dry. The viable sperm were then counted under 40 × magnification out of 200 sperm cells. Counting was done in duplicate.
10
Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles
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Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, >97%), iron(II) chloride (FeCl2, 98%), Co(NO3)2·6H2O, sodium citrate dehydrate (Na3-citrate, ≥99%), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, ≥99.9%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.0%), tannic acid (American Chemical Society reagent), hexane (95%), iodine (I2, >98.0%), potassium iodide (KI, ≥99.5%), pNIPAM carboxylic acid terminated (pNIPAM-COOH, Mn ~ 2000), pNIPAM-amine terminated (pNIPAM-NH2, Mn ~ 5500), trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane (PFOTCS), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene-graft-maleic anhydride (maleic copolymer), and N,N-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BACA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acrylamide monomer (AM, >98.0%), ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS, >99.0%), and 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Ammonium hydroxide (28 to 30%) was purchased from Acros Organics. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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