Em 4000

Visual function was assessed in all participants by evaluating BCVA using a Snellen chart. The result was recorded in the decimal system.
The ECC was measured at each follow-up visit using a specular microscope (EM-4000, Tomey, Japan).

The ophthalmological examinations were begun at 15:00 h in all participants to minimize the daily fluctuation of the ocular biometrics by the biorhythm, and all of the data were collected in a non-cycloplegic state by well-trained examiners. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured with a Landolt C chart. The refractive error (spherical equivalent) was measured to the closest 0.25 diopter (D). The radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea (corneal curvature) was measured with an auto-refractometer (RC-5000^®; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan), and the average of the longest and the shortest radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea was used for the statistical analyses. The axial length (AL) and the anterior chamber depth were measured by an optical biometer (OA 2000^®; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). The ACD was measured as the distance from the anterior corneal apex to the anterior apex of the crystalline lens in the images of the optical biometer. The corneal diameter was measured by a corneal topographer (OPD scan II^®; NIDEK Co., LTD, Tokyo, Japan), the central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, the standard deviations of corneal endothelial cell density, and percentage of hexagonal endothelial cell were determined by a corneal endothelial cell analyzer (EM-4000^®; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan).

All patients underwent a comprehensive preoperative ophthalmologic examination performed within 3 months before cataract surgery. This included assessments of BCVA, intraocular pressure (IOP) (CANON, TX-20, Japan), manifest refraction, keratometry, auto-refraction, slit-lamp examination, fundoscopy, retinal examination using Heidelberg spectralis optical coherence tomography (software V.5.4.7.0; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), specular microscopy (Tomey, EM4000, GmbH, Germany), and Scheimpflug-based corneal topography (Pentacam HR, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). All optical biometric parameters, including K, TK, AL, CCT, LT, WTW, and ACD, were measured using IOLMaster 700. A single experienced surgeon selected the IOL power for each patient according to surgical preferences, and predicted postoperative spherical equivalent refractions for all formulas were documented. The patients were examined 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Slit-lamp examination, IOP measurements, K, auto-refraction assessments, manifest refraction assessments, and corneal topography were performed at each follow-up visit.

The count of ECD after shipping was evaluated using donor corneas in the vial by the center method with specular microscopy (EKA-10; Konan Medical, Nishinomiya, Japan). A minimum of 100 cells were counted at the central area. Postoperative measurements of ECD were performed using a noncontact specular microscope (EM-4000, TOMEY; Nagoya, Japan) at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.