Escherichia coli atcc 25922

Manufactured by Microbiologics

Sourced in United States

Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 is a reference strain used for microbiological testing and quality control. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms, including humans. This strain is widely used as a control organism in various microbiology applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212, by Microbiologics (2 mentions) Pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, by Microbiologics (2 mentions) Blood agar, by BD (1 mentions) Nutrient agar, by BD (1 mentions) Mueller hinton broth and agar, by BD (1 mentions) Live dead baclight bacterial viability and counting kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Tert butyl alcohol tbuoh, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Liquid co2, by Air Liquide (1 mentions) Mueller hinton broth (mhb), by Avantor (1 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Wst 1, by Roche (1 mentions) Ethanol absolute anhydrous, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions) Ampicillin sulbactam, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Amikacin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, by Microbiologics (1 mentions) Acetone, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Cellulose acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sodium borohydride, by Avantor (1 mentions) N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Fujifilm (1 mentions)

9 protocols using escherichia coli atcc 25922

Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Culture Protocol

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Reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Microbiologics^®, Saint Cloud, MN, USA) was used as recommended by the CLSI. Mueller-Hinton broth and agar, Trypticasein-Soy agar, Nutrient agar and Blood agar were acquired from Becton Dickinson (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Soft agar was prepared with 0.6 g agar base (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and 0.6 g NaCl (Promega, Madison, WI, USA).
Saline solution (0.85% NaCl) (J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) was used for washing and maintaining cultures. 2% DMSO (J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) was used as dissolvent for essential oils. Antibiotics cloramphenicol, cefotaxime, and amikacin were purchased from AMSA (Coyoacan, CDMX, Mexico).
LIVE/DEAD^® BacLight™ Bacterial Viability and Counting kit (Cat. L34856, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for sample staining.
McFarland turbidity standard was prepared by mixing 0.05 mL of 1.175% barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl₂•2H₂O), with 9.95 mL of 1% sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). All standard preparations were verified in a Coleman spectrophotometer at 600 nm (abs. 0.063) previous to be used.

Nieto-Velázquez N.G., Gomez-Valdez A.A., González-Ávila M., Sánchez-Navarrete J., Toscano-Garibay J.D, & Ruiz-Pérez N.J. (2021). Preliminary Study on Citrus Oils Antibacterial Activity Measured by Flow Cytometry: A Step-by-Step Development. Antibiotics, 10(10), 1218.

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Thymol-Hydrogen Peroxide

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Thymol (CAS: 89-83-8, ≥98.5 %), hydrogen peroxide solution (CAS: 7722-84-1, 30 wt./wt. % in H 2 O containing stabilizer) and methanol (CAS: 67-56-1, >99.9 %, for HPLC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (10X) was purchased from Fisher Scientific and diluted 10 times before use. Ethanol absolute anhydrous (64-17-5, RSE for electronic use) was purchased from Carlo Erba reagents. Tert-butyl alcohol (tBuOH) (≥99.0 %, CAS number: 75-65-0) was purchased from Fisher Scientific and used without any further purification. Liquid CO 2 (CAS: 124-38-9) was supplied by Air Liquide. Mueller-Hinton broth prepared from powder, Mueller-Hinton agar plates and pharmacopoeia diluent (NaCl peptone broth at pH 7) were purchased from VWR Chemicals. The cell proliferation reagent WST-1 for the spectrophotometric quantification of cell proliferation and viability was supplied by Roche.
A suspension of cellulose nanofibrils (Exilva P) at 2 wt. % solid content with a hemicellulose content of 2.8 %.was provided by Borregaard. The suspension was diluted to a 1% solid content with an Ultra Turrax IKA T25 stirrer at 8 000 rpm during 5 minutes.
The microorganism strains Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 14053 were supplied as KWIK-STIK lyophilized strains (Microbiologics).

Darpentigny C., Marcoux P.R., Menneteau M., Michel B., Ricoul F., Jean B., Bras J, & Nonglaton G. (2020). Antimicrobial Cellulose Nanofibril Porous Materials Obtained by Supercritical Impregnation of Thymol. ACS applied bio materials, 3(5).

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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacterial Isolates

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Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using the disk diffusion method according to the standard procedures of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2013 ). Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) (Microbiologics, USA) was used as the quality control strain. The following 17 antibiotic discs (Oxoid) were used: amikacin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, ampicillin+sulbactam, azithromycin, cefepime, cefixime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, and trimethoprim-sulphamethexazole. MDR was defined according to the guidelines of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Magiorakos et al., 2012 (link)).

Malek M.M., Amer F.A., Allam A.A., El-Sokkary R.H., Gheith T, & Arafa M.A. (2015). Occurrence of classes I and II integrons in Enterobacteriaceae collected from Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 601.

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Isolation and Characterization of Pediococcus pentosaceus PB2

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The laboratory probiotic strain Pediococcus pentosaceus PB2 used in this study was isolated from Pito as described in our recent finding [4] . The PB2 strain was identified using genomic, biochemical, and microbial tools. It was then deposited in GenBank (NCBI KP883297) and submitted to the Laragen Incorporation, 10601 Virginia Ave, Culver City, CA90232, California, USA [4] . Two reference strains, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, obtained from Microbiologics, Medimark Europe, France, were also used.

Otunba A.A., Osuntoki A.A., Okunowo W., Olukoya D.K, & Babalola B.A. (2022). Characterization of novel bacteriocin PB2 and comprehensive detection of the pediocin gene ped-A1 from Pediococcus pentosaceus PB2 strain isolated from a sorghum-based fermented beverage in Nigeria. Biotechnology Reports, 36, e00772.

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Preparation of Microbial Cultures for Laboratory Studies

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Freeze dried cultures of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (E. faecalis), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa), and Candida albicans ATCC 66027 (C. albicans) were purchased from microbiologics, Inc., (St. Cloud, MN. USA). Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain 12,498 was obtained from the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The culture media like Brain Heart Infusion agar (BHIA) and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHIB) were purchased from Scharlau Diagnostics, Barcelona, Spain, while the Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) and BHIA prepared plates were obtained from Watin-Biolife, Inc., in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
All of the microbial cultures with the exception of C. albicans were grown in BHIB and the stocks prepared in 50% glycerol were stored in −40°C freezer. The C. albicans culture was grown in SDB and stored as a glycerol stock at −40°C.

Al-Asmari A.R., Siddiqui Y.M., Athar M.T., Al-Buraidi A., Al-Eid A.S, & Horaib G.B. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and organic extracts of a Saudi medicinal plant: Rumex nervosus. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 7(4), 300-303.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposites

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Cellulose acetate (average Mn = ≈50,000) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%), diethyl ether (99%), and silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99.8%) were acquired from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetone (99.5%) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄, 95%) was obtained from BDH chemicals Ltd. (Poole, UK). Orange essential oil was extracted from the peel of Vietnam’s sweet orange (citrus sinensis) and purchased from local company. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Bacillus subtilis ATTC 6633 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were obtained from Microbiologics, Inc (Saint Cloud, MN, USA).

Phan D.N., Khan M.Q., Nguyen V.C., Vu-Manh H., Dao A.T., Thanh Thao P., Nguyen N.M., Le V.T., Ullah A., Khatri M, & Kim I.S. (2021). Investigation of Mechanical, Chemical, and Antibacterial Properties of Electrospun Cellulose-Based Scaffolds Containing Orange Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers, 14(1), 85.

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Antimicrobial Effect Evaluation Protocol

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To test the antimicrobial effect of the synthesized materials on the reference strains, microbiological control tests were performed using six reference strains from the American Type Culture Collection: Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923 (Microbiologics, St. Cloud, MN, USA), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (Microbiologics, St. Cloud, MN, USA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (Microbiologics, USA), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Microbiologics, USA), Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022 (Microbiologics, St. Cloud, MN, USA). The bacterial inoculum was adjusted to have an optical density for 0.5 McFarland (10⁸ CFU/mL). From each microbial strain, 10 µL were taken (10⁶ CFU/mL) and the inoculum was deposited on the Petri dish containing test material. A control plate containing only the bacterial inoculum (10⁶ CFU/mL) was inoculated for each of the reference microbial strains. The bacterial cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, respectively, the fungal strains at 28 °C. After the incubation, the quantitative growth of the microbial colonies was evaluated, by determining the probable total number of bacterial colonies developed on the culture medium (UFC/mL). Bacterial colony counting was done with the Flash & Go automatic colony counter from Yul Instruments, Spain.

Matusoiu F., Negrea A., Nemes N.S., Ianasi C., Ciopec M., Negrea P., Duteanu N., Ianasi P., Duda-Seiman D, & Muntean D. (2022). Antimicrobial Perspectives of Active SiO2FexOy/ZnO Composites. Pharmaceutics, 14(10), 2063.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols

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S. aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus pneumonia ATCC 49619, and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 were obtained from Microbiologics (St Cloud, MN, USA). S. aureus USA300 (MRSA), S. aureus ATCC (Vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus), and S. aureus NTS (Vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus) were generously provided by the Laboratory of Pathology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine. Vancomycin was purchased from Sigma. Compounds were obtained from various suppliers as listed in Table S1.

Fletcher S., Yu W., Huang J., Kwasny S.M., Chauhan J., Opperman T.J., MacKerell AD J.r, & de Leeuw E.P. (2015). Structure–activity exploration of a small-molecule Lipid II inhibitor. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 9, 2383-2394.

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Bacterial Strain Cultivation and Materials

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Table 13 lists the reagents and standard solutions applied. All of these materials and solvents were used as received without further purification and were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Double distilled water was used in all of the experiments. Bacterial strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) were purchased from Microbiologics (St. Cloud, MA, USA).

Kudzin M.H., Mrozińska Z, & Urbaniak P. (2021). Vapor Phosphorylation of Cellulose by Phosphorus Trichlo-Ride: Selective Phosphorylation of 6-Hydroxyl Function—The Synthesis of New Antimicrobial Cellulose 6-Phosphate(III)-Copper Complexes. Antibiotics, 10(2), 203.

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