All chemicals were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile, phosphoric acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid and catechin were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin and rutin were acquired from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) was performed with a Shimadzu Prominence Auto Sampler (SIL-20A) HPLC system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), equipped with Shimadzu LC-20AT reciprocating pumps connected to a DGU 20A5 degasser with a CBM 20A integrator, SPD-M20A diode array detector and LC solution 1.22 SP1 software. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid, malonaldehydebis-(dimethylacetal) (MDA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), sodium azide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl dpph ascorbic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is a stable free radical compound commonly used as a reagent in antioxidant activity assays. Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin with reducing properties. These products are often used in research applications, but a detailed description of their intended use is not available.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ellagic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercitrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Prominence auto sampler sil 20a hplc system, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide h2o2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoquercitrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Butylated hydroxyl anisole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Butylated hydroxyl toluene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Avance drx 500 nmr spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
7 protocols using 1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl dpph ascorbic acid
1
HPLC-DAD Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
2
Phytochemical and Bioactive Evaluation
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NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE DRX 500 NMR spectrometer (Billerica, MA). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on precoated silica gel 60 F254 (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ), column chromatography (CC) was performed on a polyamide SC6 and silica gel 60 spots were observed under UV light at 254 and 365 nm or visualized by heating after spraying with H2SO4 50%. Polyamide SC6 was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).
Both antioxidant and cytotoxic activity measurements were carried out on a 96-well microplate reader, butylatedhydroxylanisole (BHA), butylatedhydroxyltoluene (BHT), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), ascorbic acid, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-suphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS•+), β-carotene-linoleic acid were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade.
Both antioxidant and cytotoxic activity measurements were carried out on a 96-well microplate reader, butylatedhydroxylanisole (BHA), butylatedhydroxyltoluene (BHT), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), ascorbic acid, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-suphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS•+), β-carotene-linoleic acid were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade.
3
Analytical Reagents for Phytochemical Analysis
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HPLC-grade methanol, water, Murashige and Skoog (MS) powder, pyridine, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, sodium nitrite, aluminum chloride, Catechin, and methoxyamine were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). BSTFA [N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide containing 1% trimethyl chlorosilane (TMCS)] was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA), and 2-Chloronaphtahalene (internal standard for GC-MS) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
4
Phytochemical Analysis of Okra
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Okra (mature and ready to be consumed) was purchased from local supermarkets in 2019 when the study is conducted. Azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid, Acarbose, HPLC grade water, sea sand and formic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Singapore). All cell culture reagents, including trypsin, MCDB-131 media, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Attachment Factor (AF), 0.4% trypan blue and L-glutamine acid were purchased from Thermofisher Scientific (Singapore). All other reagents used throughout the experiments in this study were of standard analytical grade.
The whole okra plants were washed and dried before they were separated into various parts, consisting of the Seeds, Outer Skin and Inner Skin. Subsequently, the various okra parts were oven-dried at 40 °C for 24 h [23 (link)]. The samples were crushed using mortar and pestle after being cooled down to generate a more homogeneous and representative sample. Samples were sieved individually to separate into following particle sizes: below 0.3 mm, between 0.3 mm and 2.8 mm, and above 2.8 mm. Fine samples with particle size below 0.3 mm was used for chemical analysis.
The whole okra plants were washed and dried before they were separated into various parts, consisting of the Seeds, Outer Skin and Inner Skin. Subsequently, the various okra parts were oven-dried at 40 °C for 24 h [23 (link)]. The samples were crushed using mortar and pestle after being cooled down to generate a more homogeneous and representative sample. Samples were sieved individually to separate into following particle sizes: below 0.3 mm, between 0.3 mm and 2.8 mm, and above 2.8 mm. Fine samples with particle size below 0.3 mm was used for chemical analysis.
5
DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay
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1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol was obtained from E.Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water purified by an ULTRAPURE Millipore Direct-Q 3UV-R (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) of the resistivity 18.2 MΩ cm was used to prepare all the aqueous solutions.
6
Biochemical Assay Protocol Development
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Folin-Ciocateu’s reagent was purchased from Merck Company (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid, xylenol orange, and phenolic compounds including apigenin-7-glucoside, catechin, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, curcumin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, ferulic acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid, 18-α glycrrytinic acid, hesperidin, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, pyrogallol, and vanillic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). All materials and culture media used for in vitro culture, lysozymes, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), Ni-immobilized metal affinity chromatography matrix, and Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company.
7
Phytochemical Standards Characterization
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The standards of eleutherosides B, E and E1 were obtained from ChromaDex (Santa Ana, CA). 1.1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH∗), ascorbic acid, and L-α-phosphatidylcholine were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Methanol, ethanol, 2,4-DNPH and FeCl3 were obtained from POCH (Lublin, Poland). All others reagents were of analytical grade.
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