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7 protocols using enliten atp assay system bioluminescence detection kit for atp measurement

1

Measuring ATP and Oxygen Consumption in Cardiomyocytes

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Measurement of the ATP level in cardiomyocytes for the ATP assay, mitochondria were isolated from cardiomyocytes lysates using a mitochondria isolation kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). The relative ATP level was calculated by dividing the measured ATP concentration by the 20 μg mitochondria. The ATP concentration was measured by ENLITEN® ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit for ATP Measurement (Promega, USA) as previously described (21). Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cardiomyocytes was measured by XFp Analyzer (Agilent, USA) as described previously [25 ].
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Measuring Extracellular ATP Release

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Release of extracellular ATP was measured by the luciferin-based ENLITEN ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit for ATP Measurement in excess of luciferin and luciferase, as indicated by the manufacturer (FF2000, Promega). Beforehand, 100,000 cells per well were seeded in 12-well plates in the serum-free RPMI1640 medium containing 1% BSA. Cells were allowed to attach overnight and then treated with the drugs as indicated for 24 hours in the presence of 50 μM ecto-ATPase inhibitor (ARL67156, A265, Sigma-Aldrich). Harvested samples were transferred to ice-cold Eppendorf tubes and spun down at 3200 g for 5 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a new ice-cold Eppendorf tube and stored at −80°C until assayed. Cell medium was used for background subtraction. ATP-driven chemiluminescence was recorded at 0.1 s with a 1420 Multilabel Counter VICTOR3 (Perkin Elmer) with the Wallac1420 software. Three biological replicates were given per condition, and the biological replicate was represented by the mean value of two technical duplicates.
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3

Antibody Sources and Reagents for Cell Signaling

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Anti-calreticulin (CRT) and anti-p62/SQSTM1 antibodies were purchased from Abcam. Anti-HN, anti-HSP90, and anti-STAT3 antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz. Anti-β-actin and goat anti-rabbit antibody were purchased from Proteintech. Goat anti-mouse and Goat anti-rabbit antibodies for immunoblot analysis were obtained from Bioworld. The secondary antibodies of Alexa 488, Alexa 568 and Alexa 647 for immunofluorescence were obtained from Invitrogen. The following antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology were used: HMGB1, HSP70, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), p-eIF2α, p-STAT3 (Y705), Bcl-xl, Mcl-1, β-catenin. Mitoxantrone (MTX), Necrostain-1 (Nec-1), Z-VAD-FMK (Z-VAD), chloroquine (CQ), GSK2606414 (GSK), and C188-9 were obtained from Selleckchem. Recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) were obtained from PeproTech. Drugs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as stock solutions and stored at −20°C. ENLITEN®ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit for ATP Measurement (#FF2000) was purchased from Promega. PI, Pierce®Protein Concentrator 2–6 mL/10K filters were purchased from Thermo Scientific. HMGB1 ELISA Kit II (#L534) was purchased from SHINO-TEST CORPORATION. Trypan blue dye was obtained from Sigma.
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4

Measuring Intracellular ATP Levels

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As a readout for Na+/K+-ATPase activity, the intracellular ATP contents of treated cells were measured using a commercial ATP detection kit (ENLITEN® ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit for ATP Measurement, Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions. This kit measures the activity of luciferase on its substrate D-luciferin, which yields a luminescent product. Briefly, cells were washed with PBS and resuspended in lysis buffer. The resultant lysates were mixed with the luciferase/luciferin reagent. The emitted light was immediately quantified using a luminometer and the amounts of ATP were determined by comparison to a standard curve.
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5

Measuring Extracellular ATP Release

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Release of extracellular ATP was measured by the luciferin-based ENLITEN ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit for ATP Measurement in excess of luciferin and luciferase, as indicated by the manufacturer (FF2000, Promega). Beforehand, 100,000 cells per well were seeded in 12-well plates in the serum-free RPMI1640 medium containing 1% BSA. Cells were allowed to attach overnight and then treated with the drugs as indicated for 24 hours in the presence of 50 μM ecto-ATPase inhibitor (ARL67156, A265, Sigma-Aldrich). Harvested samples were transferred to ice-cold Eppendorf tubes and spun down at 3200 g for 5 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a new ice-cold Eppendorf tube and stored at −80°C until assayed. Cell medium was used for background subtraction. ATP-driven chemiluminescence was recorded at 0.1 s with a 1420 Multilabel Counter VICTOR3 (Perkin Elmer) with the Wallac1420 software. Three biological replicates were given per condition, and the biological replicate was represented by the mean value of two technical duplicates.
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6

Enzymatic ATP Hydrolysis Assay

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The ATPase activity of His6‐Wzc was determined using the ENLITEN® ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit for ATP Measurement (Promega). Samples were incubated in 25 mM Tris‐HCl pH 7.0, 1 mM DTT, and 5 mM MgCl2 at 30ºC for 45 min before reading luminescence using a SynergyTM 2 Multi‐Mode Microplate Reader and Gen5TM software (BioTek) with an integration time of 10 s. When necessary, His6‐Wzc and His6‐Wzc were inactivated by incubation at 95ºC for 5 min before adding ATP. Data were statistically analyzed as described below.
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7

Extracellular ATP Quantification

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Additionally, 5 × 105 cells were treated with AgNPs-G (CC50 and CC100 for each cell line). Extracellular ATP levels were evaluated in the supernatants using the quantitative chemiluminescence detection kit (ENLITEN® ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit for ATP Measurement, PROMEGA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Bioluminescence was determined using a Synergy HT™ spectrophotometer (Biotek instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) at 560 nm.
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