DMI6000B-CS), after 24 h exposure of the materials and/or the indirect
method as described above, MEM was removed, and cells washed thrice
with PBS 1×, before being fixed with 4% formalin solution neutral
buffered for 20 min, permeabilised with 0.1% saponin (Sigma-Aldrich)
for 5 min before staining the actin filaments using fluorescein-phalloidin
(488 nm, Invitrogen Corp.), and the nucleus with DAPI (364 nm, Sigma-Aldrich).
Images of the structure and organization of actin filaments (i.e.,
the cytoskeleton) and cell morphology/phenotype were acquired with
a Leica TCS-SP5 AOBS confocal microscope. For multicolored microscopy,
samples were excited with 364 and 488 nm laser lines, and images were
captured by multitracking to avoid bleed-through between the fluorophores.