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Fluoromax 4 system

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FluoroMax-4 (420 citations)

5 protocols using fluoromax 4 system

1

Methods of authenticating security inks

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Example 3

This example illustrates the use of covert authentication using a single, filtered photodetector.

As seen in FIG. 3, a system is provided in which a light source 1 (which may be, for example, a blue or UV LED) emits a time-varying excitation 2 upon a security ink containing QDs 3 applied to a substrate 4. The time-varying photoluminescence from the irradiated ink 5 is measured by a photodetector 6 after being spectrally resolved using a spectrum selecting component 7. In some embodiments, the spectrum selecting component may comprise a thin film containing non-emissive or weakly-emissive versions of the same or similar QDs in the security ink. Additional spectral resolution is achieved by choice of the photodetectors.

As a test of this mode, a mixture of two different CuInZnSeS QDs were dissolved in octane at 50 mg/mL and deposited onto a paper substrate. The resulting spectrum is shown in FIG. 6 (CIS QD 1 and CIS QD 2, squares). Under 445 nm excitation (blue), the PL decay was measured in the range of from 540 to 560 nm, selecting only the emission from CIS QD 2. The PL decay was measured using time-resolved single photon counting (Horiba FluoroMax 4 system) and single exponential decay of 417 ns was observed (see FIG. 7, circles).

US09964488B2. Methods of authenticating security inks (2018-05-08). None [US]. Inventors: Hunter McDaniel [US].
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2

Quantum yield measurements

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The quantum yield of the reference amorphous SiN film (PL peak at 470 nm) was measured and estimated by using a Xe lamp (Xenon short ARC) working at 325 nm as an exciting source and the photomultiplier detector (Hamamatsu 928 PMT, 300–850 nm) with an integrating sphere. The PL was collected by an optical fiber (Ocean optics) with the diameter of 1mm and detected by a fluoromax-4 system (Jobin Yvon). The QY for the reference was measured to be 6.6%. The QY of ~890 nm PL in our sample was calibrated by the reference by using a HORIBA Jobin Yvon synapse CCD detector in the range of 300–1000 nm. Since the QY of ~890 nm PL was obtained by comparing the sample with the reference, it was a relatively rough estimation. The QY of ~1300 nm PL was measured by a PL system (F920, Edinburgh Instruments) equipped with a 6-inch integration sphere. A calibrated Hamamatsu near-infrared photomultiplier tube was used to collect PL in the wavelength region of 900–1600  nm. The QY was calculated by the ratio of the number of emitted photons at 1300 nm to that of absorbed photons at 325 nm.
Lu P., Mu W., Xu J., Zhang X., Zhang W., Li W., Xu L, & Chen K. (2016). Phosphorus Doping in Si Nanocrystals/SiO2 msultilayers and Light Emission with Wavelength compatible for Optical Telecommunication. Scientific Reports, 6, 22888.
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3

Authentication of quantum dot security inks

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Example 3

This example illustrates the use of covert authentication using a single, filtered photodetector.

As seen in FIG. 3, a system is provided in which a light source 1 (which may be, for example, a blue or UV LED) emits a time-varying excitation 2 upon a security ink containing QDs 3 applied to a substrate 4. The time-varying photoluminescence from the irradiated ink 5 is measured by a photodetector 6 after being spectrally resolved using a spectrum selecting component 7. In some embodiments, the spectrum selecting component may comprise a thin film containing non-emissive or weakly-emissive versions of the same or similar QDs in the security ink. Additional spectral resolution is achieved by choice of the photodetectors.

As a test of this mode, a mixture of two different CuInZnSeS QDs were dissolved in octane at 50 mg/mL and deposited onto a paper substrate. The resulting spectrum is shown in FIG. 6 (CIS QD 1 and CIS QD 2, squares). Under 445 nm excitation (blue), the PL decay was measured in the range of from 540 to 560 nm, selecting only the emission from CIS QD 2. The PL decay was measured using time-resolved single photon counting (Horiba FluoroMax 4 system) and single exponential decay of 417 ns was observed (see FIG. 7, circles).

US10724951B2. Authentication of quantum dot security inks (2020-07-28). UbiQD, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Hunter McDaniel [US].
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4

Authentication of quantum dot security inks

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Example 3

This example illustrates the use of covert authentication using a single, filtered photodetector.

As seen in FIG. 3, a system is provided in which a light source 1 (which may be, for example, a blue or UV LED) emits a time-varying excitation 2 upon a security ink containing QDs 3 applied to a substrate 4. The time-varying photoluminescence from the irradiated ink 5 is measured by a photodetector 6 after being spectrally resolved using a spectrum selecting component 7. In some embodiments, the spectrum selecting component may comprise a thin film containing non-emissive or weakly-emissive versions of the same or similar QDs in the security ink. Additional spectral resolution is achieved by choice of the photodetectors.

As a test of this mode, a mixture of two different CuInZnSeS QDs were dissolved in octane at 50 mg/mL and deposited onto a paper substrate. The resulting spectrum is shown in FIG. 6 (CIS QD 1 and CIS QD 2, squares). Under 445 nm excitation (blue), the PL decay was measured in the range of from 540 to 560 nm, selecting only the emission from CIS QD 2. The PL decay was measured using time-resolved single photon counting (Horiba FluoroMax 4 system) and single exponential decay of 417 ns was observed (see FIG. 7, circles).

US11493444B2. Authentication of quantum dot security inks (2022-11-08). UbiQD, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Hunter McDaniel [US].
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5

Micelle formation and critical micelle concentration (CMC)

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Uncrosslinked di-LA-PC micelles were formulated via the dropwise addition of a DMF solution of di-LA-PC conjugate to deionized (DI) water while stirring at rt and dialyzed against freshly DI water for 24 h with a membrane (MWCO 1000 Da). During dialysis, the DI water was replaced every 3 h.
CMC of di-LA-PC conjugate was examined by a fluorescent pyrene method.32 (link) In brief, 10 μL of pyrene dissolved in acetone (5 × 10−4 M) was injected into a di-LA-PC conjugate dispersion with a series of concentrations ranging from 1 mg mL−1 to 1.25 μg mL−1. Subsequently, the acetone was evaporated under ambient environment, while the final concentration of pyrene was kept at 6 × 10−7 M in each tube. The fluorescence emission spectra were measured on a FluoroMax®-4 system (HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc., France). The fluorescence emissions at 372 nm (I1) and 383 nm (I3) were checked under the excitation wavelength of 330 nm. The CAC value was evaluated by plotting log(concentration) vs. the intensity ratio I3/I1.
Li M., Ling L., Xia Q, & Li X. (2021). A reduction-responsive drug delivery with improved stability: disulfide crosslinked micelles of small amiphiphilic molecules. RSC Advances, 11(21), 12757-12770.
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