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Modified lowry protein assay

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The Modified Lowry Protein Assay is a colorimetric method for the quantitative determination of protein concentration in biological samples. It is based on the reaction of protein with copper in an alkaline medium and the subsequent reduction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, resulting in a characteristic blue color that can be measured spectrophotometrically.

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4 protocols using modified lowry protein assay

1

Quantifying Secreted Proteins in Cell Culture

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AMs (3–4 × 106) were plated in 6-well tissue culture dishes and incubated in the presence or absence of compounds of interest for the indicated amounts of time. Then supernatants were harvested (4 ml) and centrifuged at 500 g (10 min) and 2,500 g (10 min) to yield CM. Secreted proteins were concentrated using 3 kD Amicon size exclusion filters from EMD Millipore, after an aliquot (150 µl) was kept for LDH assay. Protein concentrations were determined by the DC protein assay (modified Lowry protein assay) from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Samples containing 30 µg protein were separated by SDS-PAGE using 12% gels and then transferred overnight to nitrocellulose membranes. After blocking with 4% BSA, membranes were probed overnight with commercially available Abs directed against SOCS (titer of 1:500), phospho- and total STAT (titer of 1:1,000), and β-actin (titer of 1:10,000). After incubation with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti–rabbit (or anti–mouse) secondary Ab (titer of 1:10,000) from Cell Signaling Technology, film was developed using ECL detection from GE Healthcare. Relative band densities were determined by densitometric analysis using NIH ImageJ software, and relative band densities for experimental conditions were expressed as described in the figure legends.
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2

Quantification of pSTAT6 in Beas-2B Cells

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Beas-2B cells were seeded on 6-well plates at a density of 3.0 × 105 cells/well the day before treatment. Powdered prodrugs were dissolved in DMSO to obtain 5–10 µM stock solutions. Aliquots of the stocks were added to the cell cultures to reach the desired final concentrations of the prodrugs. Cultures were incubated with prodrugs for 2 h and stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 (2 ng/mL) for 1 h. Cells were harvested, washed with ice-cold phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and lysed with cell lysis buffer (Cell Signaling, no. 9803), supplemented with phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF) serine protease inhibitor. After incubation on ice for 10 min, cells were collected by scraping the dishes, and the resulting suspensions were centrifuged at 13200 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were transferred to clean tubes, and aliquots (5 µL) were used to measure the concentration of proteins using the modified Lowry protein assay (BioRad) on a Tecan Infinite Pro 200 plate reader. Levels of pSTAT6 and total STAT6 proteins were estimated by Western blotting. Quantification of Western blotting band density was performed using ImageJ sofware.
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3

Conditioned Medium Protein Analysis

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AMs (1 × 106 cells/mL) were plated in serum-free RPMI 1640 in 6-well tissue culture dishes and incubated in the presence or absence of compounds of interest for the indicated amounts of time. The resulting supernatants were harvested and centrifuged at 500 × g (10 min) and 2,500 × g (12 min) to yield cell and apoptotic body-free CM (19 (link)). The resulting “neat” CM and secreted proteins were concentrated using 3 kDa Amicon size exclusion filters from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Protein concentrations were determined by modified Lowry protein assay from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). Samples containing 20–30 μg protein were separated by SDS-PAGE using 12.5% gels and then transferred overnight to nitrocellulose membranes. Membranes were blocked with 4% BSA and probed overnight with antibodies directed against SOCS3 (titer of 1:750), phospho-STAT3 (titer of 1:1000) and β-actin (titer of 1:10,000). A secondary antibody incubation with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (or anti-mouse) from Cell Signaling Technology was performed, and film was developed using ECL detection from Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ). Relative band densities were determined by densitometric analysis using NIH Image J software, and were expressed as described in figure legends.
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4

Acute Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

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Mice were randomly divided into nine exposure groups corresponding to the eight temporally collected PM samples plus vehicle control (n = 5-6/group) to assess acute pulmonary inflammation and ability of particles to induce pulmonary oxidative stress in vivo. Mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 50 µg PM and sacrificed 24 h postexposure with an overdose of Beuthanasia-D (Schering-Plough). Mice were intratracheally cannulated, and lungs were lavaged as described earlier. Caudal lobe tissue from the right lung was weighed and homogenized with a cell lysis kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), and protein concentration was obtained via a modified Lowry protein assay (Bio-Rad DC). Protein levels were utilized to normalize HO-1 results found via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY) in lung homogenate to determine pulmonary HO-1 protein concentration (pg/g).
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