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6 protocols using chloroform

1

Colloidal QRs and DiRs Spectroscopy

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A colloidal solution of QRs and DiRs in chloroform (Vekton, Russia) was prepared to measure the MCD and absorbance spectra. MCD and absorbance spectra were measured on a Jasco J-1500 circular dichroism spectrophotometer (Tokyo, Japan) equipped with electromagnetic unit MCD-581 at a field strength of ±1.5 T at room temperature.
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2

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Dyes

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1-Dodecanthiol (DDT, 98%) was obtained from Acros Organics; Zinc stearate (65%), Zinc oxide (99%) and Indium (III) acetate (In(Ac)3, 98%), Silver (I) nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.5%), Oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-Octadecene (ODE, 90%), Oleylamine (OlAm, 70%), 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (99%), Thiourea (99%), Triethyleneglycol dimethylether (98%), L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (98%), Potassium hydroxide (KOH, 90%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Organic cyanine dyes: 3,3′-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide (Cy3) (95%) and 3,3′-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (Cy5) (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Solvents: Isopropanol (99.8%), acetone (99.75%), and chloroform (99.9%) were obtained from Vekton (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). All chemicals were used without further purification. Ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was used throughout the experiments.
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3

Polymer-based Membrane Fabrication

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Polymer of intrinsic microporosity, PIM-1 (Mw = 201,300, Đ = 2.1), was synthesized based on the method previously reported in the literature [63 (link)] and used as a membrane material. Metal-organic frameworks MIL-125 (specific surface area 1565 m2/g, average pore width 1.12 nm) and MIL-140A (specific surface area 493 m2/g, average pore width 0.87 nm) were used as polymer modifiers and provided by the research group “Photoactive nanocomposite materials” of St. Petersburg State University (St. Petersburg, Russia). Chloroform was used as a solvent without additional treatment and purchased from “Vekton” (St. Petersburg, Russia). Ultrafiltration membrane UPM-20® was purchased from ZAO STC “Vladipor” (Vladimir, Russia) and used as support to obtain supported membranes. CuSO4, Cu(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2, and yellow “sunset” dye were purchased from “NevaReactive” (St. Petersburg, Russia). Alfazurin was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Petersburg, Russia).
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4

PPO-Based Membranes with Graphene Oxide Modifier

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Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO, 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used as a membrane matrix. Graphene oxide (GO, Fullerene Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia) synthesized from graphite by an oxidation reaction using a modified Hummers and Offeman method [33 (link)] was used as a modifier of the PPO membranes. Commercial porous hydrophobic membrane MFFC (Vladipor, Vladimir, Russia) based on fluoroplast F42L was used as a support for the preparation of the supported PPO-based membranes. Chloroform (CHCl3, purity ≥ 99.1 wt.%), ethylene glycol (EG, purity ≥ 99.9 wt.%), and methanol (MeOH, purity ≥ 99.5 wt.%) were purchased from Vekton (St. Petersburg, Russia) and used without additional treatment.
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5

Dye-Doped Mesoporous Silica Particles

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Rhodamine 6G (Rh) and IR1061 dyes were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Ethanol (>96%), mEthanol (≥99.8%), chloroform (≥99.8%), acetone (≥99.9%), 25% aqueous ammonia solution (≥99.9%) and 40% hydrofluoric acid (≥99.9%) were purchased from “Vekton” (Saint Petersburg, Russia). All reagents were used as received. Ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was used throughout the experiments.
As templates, microspheres of mesoporous silica with a diameter of 490 ± 90 nm, a pore volume of ~50% and an average pore diameter of 3.0 ± 0.2 nm were used. These particles were synthesized according to previous work [42 (link)].
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6

Fabrication of PLA-Porphyrin Composite Films

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Thermoplastic PLA—poly(lactic acid), 4032D (with about 2% of D-lactide) with molecular weight (Mw) of 1.7 × 105 g/mol was procured from Nature Works (Minnetonka, MN, USA). Low molecular weight component (Figure 1) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-n-hexyloxyphenyl)porphyrin (TPP4OC6) synthesized as described in [26 (link)].
Film samples of PLA–TPP4OC6 with a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 100–120 µm were obtained by casting from a solution (Scheme 1). The solvent was chloroform (Vekton, Russia). PLA was dissolved in chloroform and heated to a temperature of 59 ± 1 °C. After cooling the PLA solution to 35–38 °C, the porphyrin solution was added. The resulting solution was mixed and poured into Petri dishes. The content of TPP4OC6 porphyrins in the film composites was 0.2–0.5 wt %.
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