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Dmso d6

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DMSO-d6 is a deuterated form of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) used as a solvent in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic smell. DMSO-d6 is widely used in the analysis of organic compounds due to its favorable properties, such as high polarity, low viscosity, and excellent solvent capabilities.

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105 protocols using dmso d6

1

NMR Titration of IpaD with Small Molecules

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For NMR titrations, the small molecules were dissolved in [D6]DMSO (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, MA, USA) and titrated into 15N/ILV-labeled IpaD. Typically, ~500 mg of stock compounds were obtained from Zenobia, and requisite amounts were dissolved in ~250 μL 100% [D6]DMSO to form a 1 to 2 M stock solution, and titrated into 440 μL of 0.2–0.3 mM 15N/ILV-labeled IpaD. Five titration points were obtained with increasing molar ratio of compound:protein ranging from 12 for Compound 1 to 100 for Compound 4. All samples used in the NMR titrations were dissolved in a final buffer condition of 2% (v/v) [D6]DMSO in NMR buffer. For 15N-titrations monitored by acquiring 2D 1H-15N TROSY spectra, typical acquisition parameters were 16 scans at 30 ppm 15N sweep width centered at 118 ppm. For ILV-titrations monitored by acquiring 2D 1H–13C HSQC spectra, typical acquisition parameters were 32 scans, 18 ppm 13C sweep width centered at 18 ppm and 10 ppm 1H sweep width centered at 4.69 ppm. The weighted chemical shift deviation (Δδ) were calculated using the equation ΔδHN = ½ [(ΔδH)2 + (ΔδN/5)2][26 (link)] for backbone amides and ΔδILV = ½ [(ΔδH)2 + (ΔδC/2)2] for ILV.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of TPP1 Compound

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All reactions were performed aerobically unless otherwise stated. Solvents and chemical reagents used were unmodified and were purchased from VWR, Fischer Scientific, or Sigma Aldrich. 2-(bromomethyl)naphthalene was purchased from Waterstone Technologies. The starting material 1 was synthesized performed by our previously published procedure [46 (link)]. The 1H, 31P and 13C NMR spectra were acquired on Varian 300 MHz, Inova 400 MHz, or Varian 500 MHz instruments. All NMR samples were prepared using DMSO-d6 purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories and were referenced to residual protons of the solvent (DMSO-d6, 1H: 2.50 ppm, 13C: 39.52 ppm). Melting points were obtained on a MelTemp apparatus. Infrared spectroscopy was obtained using a Thermo Scientific ATR-IR Nicolet iS5 FT-IR spectrometer with an iD5 ATR adapter. TPP1 was evaluated for PAINS by using the web-site as follows: http://zinc15.docking.org/patterns/home/ [54 (link)].
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3

NMR Spectroscopy and HPLC Analysis

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NMR spectra were obtained at ambient temperature on Varian Unity Inova 400, 500 or 600 MHz instruments (University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy NMR facility) using 99.8% d6-DMSO (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories), as a solvent. Chemical shifts were referenced to internal solvent resonances and are reported in parts per million (ppm) with coupling constants J given in Hz. Analytical TLC was performed on silica gel glass TLC plates (EMD Millipore). Visualization was accomplished with UV light (254 nm) followed by staining with vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent and heating. HPLC was accomplished on an Agilent 1260 HPLC system equipped with a DAD detector (Methods A, B, and C), a Waters 2695 separation module equipped with a Waters 2996 photodiode array detector and a Waters Micromass ZQ (Methods D and E), or a Varian Prostar 210 HPLC system equipped with a photodiode array detector (Methods F and G) HPLC peak areas were integrated with Varian Star Chromatography Workstation Software and the percent conversion calculated as a percent of the total peak area. High resolution electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra were recorded on an Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific).
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4

Trace Metal-Free Reagent Preparation

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All chemical reagents were ACS grade or higher unless otherwise indicated. All buffers were passed through Chelex-100 (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) to remove trace metals. The D2O, d6-DMSO, 15NH4Cl, and 13C-labeled glucose were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (Andover, MA).
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Hydantoin Derivatives

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Melting points were measured in open capillary tubes on a MelTemp melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. NMR spectra were recorded on either a Varian Mercury+ 300 Hz or a Varian UnityInova 400 MHz instrument. d6-DMSO was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. 1H NMR were calibrated to 2.49 ppm for d5-DMSO present in the d6-DMSO solvent, and 13C NMR spectra were calibrated from the central peak at 39.7 ppm for d6-DMSO. Coupling constants are reported in Hz. Scanned NMR spectra of compounds 15, 1729 are contained in the Supplementary Material. Elemental analyses were obtained from Midwest Microlabs, Ltd. (Indianapolis, IN, USA), and high-resolution mass spectra were obtained from the COSMIC lab at Old Dominion University. Pyridinecarboxaldehydes were purchased from Acros, Ambeed, or Ark Pharm; hydantoin was purchased from Acros.
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6

Trace Metal-Free Biochemical Protocols

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All chemical reagents were American Chemical Society grade or higher unless otherwise indicated. The D2O, D6-DMSO, 15NH4Cl, and 13C-labeled glucose were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (Andover, MA). All buffers were passed through and/or stored with dialysis bags containing Chelex-100 (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) to remove trace metals. The Chelex-100 treated reagents were stored in plastic containers, transferred minimally, and contacted only plastic or quartz cuvettes that had been acid washed to minimize contaminating calcium.
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7

Characterization of Lipid-Surfactant Systems

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Most reagents were used without further purification including HB (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.5%), 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.0%), deuterium oxide (D2O, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, 99.9%), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine (DPPC, Avanti Polar Lipids Inc., >99%), d6-dimethyl sulfoxide containing tetramethyl silane (d6-DMSO, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, 99.9% + 0.05% TMS), activated charcoal (Sigma-Aldrich, 8−20 mesh), methanol (Omnisolve, 99.9%), 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid (DSS, Wilmad,), hexane (Fisher Scientific, 99.9%), and isopropanol (EMD, 99.8%). Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT, Aldrich, 99.8%) was purified using activated charcoal and methanol to remove acidic impurities as described previously.42 (link) All pH measurements were conducted using a Thermo Orion 2 Star pH meter with a VWR semimicro pH probe. When conducting the NMR experiments, deuterium oxide was used in the presence of aqueous solutions and the pH was adjusted to consider the presence of deuterium (pD = 0.4 + pH).42 (link) The pD is customarily referred to as pH and therefore we refer to pD as pH.42 (link)
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8

Characterization of Xylan Sources

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Xylan was purchased from three sources: Lenzing AG (Lenzing, Austria), Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and Megazyme Inc. (Chicago, IL, USA). Our initial work was done with Sigma and Megazyme products; however, we reported herein only the data involving the Lenzing material. DMSO and isopropanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Absolute ethanol was acquired from Decon Laboratories, Inc. (King of Prussia, PA, USA). D2O and d6-DMSO were obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). AKD (AquapelTM 364) was a gift, courtesy of Solenis, LLC (Wilmington, DE, USA). Both OSA and TPSA samples were bought from Milliken Chemical Company (Spartanburg, SC, USA).
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9

Synthesis of 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine

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2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
(∼70%, wet with ∼30% water) was purchased from Fluorochem
(U.K.). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (U.K.)
and used as received. Deuterated solvents including d4-acetic acid, d6-acetone, d-chloroform, d4-methanol, d6-DMSO, and deuterium oxide (D2O)
were used for NMR experiments (99.8% D atom, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories,
Inc., USA). All other solvents were of high-performance liquid chromatography
grade, ≥99.9% purity (Fisher Scientific, U.K. and VWR, U.K.)
including anhydrous solvents (Sigma-Aldrich, U.K. and Acros Organics,
U.K.). Petroleum ether (Fisher Scientific, U.K.) specifically refers
to the 40–60 °C distillate.
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10

2D-NMR and 1D-STD NMR Characterization of KSHV and HCMV Proteases

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All 2D-NMR data were acquired at 27 °C on a Bruker Avance DRX 500 MHz spectrometer equipped with a QCI CryoProbe and a B-ACS 60-slot autosampler. For the 2D-HSQC experiments, two constructs were used: (i) selectively [13C-methyl]-methionine labeled wild-type KSHV Pr; and (ii) uniform 15N/1H and selectively [13C-methyl]-isoleucine labeled KSHV Pr Δ196. Nominal protein and fragment concentrations were 20 – 25 µM and 490 – 500 µM, respectively. All other protein sample conditions, data acquisition parameters and analysis were as previously described.[21 (link)–23 (link)]1D-STD NMR experiments were acquired at 27 °C on a Bruker Avance AV 800 MHz Spectrometer equipped with a TXI CryoProbe. Unlabeled wild-type HCMV Pr was diluted to 10 µ;M in deuterated buffer containing 25 mM potassium phosphate pH 8.0, 150 mM KCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM TCEP. Fragments were added to a final concentration of 500 µ;M from 50 mM stocks diluted in d6-DMSO (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.). Final sample volumes were 0.45 mL. Data were acquired using a saturation-transfer difference program equipped with a Watergate solvent suppression pulse sequence.[33 (link)] On-resonance experiments were set to 0.9 ppm, while off-resonance experiments were set to 30 kHz from the spectral offset. 1D-STD NMR data was analyzed using Mnova NMR (Mestrelab Research) or ACD NMR Processor (ACD/Labs).
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