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33 protocols using sodium cyanide

1

Oxidative Stress Biomarker Analysis

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Horse heart myoglobin, 30% H2O2,
3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB),
2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS),
(±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox C),
caffeic acid, resveratrol, L-tyrosine, nitro-tyrosine, chloro-tyrosine,
indole-3-carbinol, saliciylic acid, levodopa (L-DOPA), dopamine, lipoic acid,
methanol, NaOCl, acetaldehyde, oleic acid, linoleic acid, dinitrophenylhydrazine
(DNPH), horseradish peroxidase, sodium cyanide, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
(TCEP), sodium hydrosulfite, 2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonic
acid (HEPES), NaF, sodium cyanide (NaCN), leupeptin, aprotinin, pepstatin,
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), reduced β-Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NADH), Triton X-100, catalase, and bovine glutathione peroxidase
(GPx) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO). Ascorbic
acid and 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were from ICN
Biomedicals Inc. (Aurora, OH). Perchloric acid was from Fisher Scientific
(Waltham, MA). Reduced β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(NADPH) was from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY). Dihydrolipoic acid was
from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA). Ethanol was from Pharmco-AAPER (Shelbyville,
KY). Sodium azide was from Acros (New Jersey, USA). Ethyl acetate was from
BioQuip (Rancho Dominguez, CA).
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2

HPLC Analysis of Neurotransmitters

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Monobasic sodium phosphate, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Na2EDTA), 85% o-phosphoric acid, acetonitrile, methanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 0.3 μm alumina powder were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Ammonium acetate, 1-octanesulfonic acid [sodium salt] (SOS), sodium tetraborate decahydrate, boric acid, lithium tetraborate, lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), β-alanine (β-Ala), sodium cyanide, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), L-glutamic acid (Glu), L-aspartic acid (Asp), L-arginine (Arg), γ-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), DL-2-aminoadipic acid (AAP), sodium cyanide, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride (DA), L-arterenol (NE), homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) was obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). All solutions were prepared in 18.2 MΩ distilled, deionized water (Labconco, Kansas City, MO) and filtered through 0.22 μm pore size membrane filters prior to use unless otherwise noted.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Chemical Compounds

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Sodium azide was purchased from Merck and sodium cyanide, propionitrile, ethyl isocyanate and propionic anhydride were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Tert‐butyl methyl ether (TBME) (ULC‐MS grade) was supplied from Biosolve Ltd, and water (WFI) was obtained from B.Braun. Control human K2EDTA plasma was from BioIVT.
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4

Cellular Metabolism and Viability Assays

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All materials were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich unless stated otherwise. 2‐DG, etoposide, sodium cyanide, IAA, Crystal Violet and propidium iodide were obtained from Merck Millipore; shRNA vector V3LHS_409663 from Qiagen; Magnesium Green™‐AM (MgG) from Invitrogen (M3735); and MitoSOX™ Red from Thermo Fisher Scientific (M36008).
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5

Labeling Algae Cells for Flow Cytometry

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Water was obtained using a Millipore apparatus. Other reagents were rhodamine B (RhB) and fluorescein (Fl) (99% purity, Sigma-Aldrich), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), ethanol (Sintorgan, HPLC grade), 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APS) (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium cyanide (95%, Sigma-Aldrich).
Ultra-filtrated and deionized water was obtained using a Millipore apparatus.
Micrometer multicolor beads from BD Company were used as control particles for in-flow cytometry.
The wild population of Microcystis aeruginosa was concentrated from an atoxic bloom collected in San Roque water reservoir (Cordoba, Argentina).
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6

Bovine Lactoperoxidase Activity Assay

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Bovine lactoperoxidase (L2005), sodium chloride, potassium thiocyanate, sodium cyanide, and hydrogen peroxide (30% solution) were purchased from Sigma. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was determined at 240 nm using the molar extinction coefficient of 39.4 m−1 cm−1 (38 (link)). Potassium bromide and potassium iodide were obtained from Merck. All other chemicals, if not stated otherwise, were purchased from Sigma at the highest grade available. H2O2 solutions and potassium iodide were prepared fresh before use.
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7

Characterization of Luminescent Lanthanide Salts

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All chemicals were commercially available and used without further purification. The following salts: europium(III) chloride hexahydrate, terbium(III) chloride hexahydrate, aluminum hydroxide hydrate, calcium chloride dihydrate, cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate, chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate, copper(II) chloride dihydrate, mercury(II) thiocyanate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium bromide, sodium cyanide, sodium fluoride, nickel nitrate hexahydrate, lead(II) nitrate, zinc chloride and poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA, Mw¯ = 2100 g mol−1) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Sodium acetate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, were obtained from Fluka (Gillingham, UK) and anhydrous aluminum chloride, sodium nitrite and potassium thiocyanate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Milli-Q water was used in all the experiments.
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8

Cyanocobalamin Quantification in Fermentation

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The following materials were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany): acetonitrile (HPLC grade), Tween 80, sodium cyanide, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), RF, NAM and cobalt(II) chloride (Co). Sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, and DMBI were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Cyanocobalamin, which was used as a standard in both UHPLC and MBA, was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). The water (later called MilliQ‐water) used in the fermentation experiments and analyses was obtained from the MilliQ Plus system (0.22 μm, ≥18.2 MΩ·cm; Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA).
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9

Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity Assay

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Streptozotocin (STZ), NADH, NAD+, ATP, cytochrome c, antimycin A, sodium cyanide, decylubiquinol, n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside, sodium succinate, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) tablets, EDTA, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP), NADPH, glucose-6-phosphate, and metformin hydrochloride were purchased form Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Lead nitrate, tricine, amino- N- caproic acid, Tris base, and Bis-tris were obtained from VWR International. Serva blue G-250 was purchased from Serva (Heidelberg, Germany). Coomassie brilliant blue G-250, SDS-PAGE protein standard markers, ECL Western blot detection kit, and immunoblotting membrane were purchased from Bio-Rad (Richmond, CA).
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10

Lipid Signaling Pathway Compounds

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Oleoyl-Lysophosphatidic acid (18:1 LPA), BrP-LPA, and AMG9810 were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Cayman, Ann Arbor, MI). d-(+)-sn-1-O-linoleoyl-glyceryl-3-phosphate (18:2 Linoleoyl LPA) was purchased from Echelon Biosciences (Salt Lake City, UT). 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (16:0 Lysophosphatidic acid) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). FURA-2AM was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Ovalbumin, pertussis toxin, aluminum hydroxide, MgSO4, NaH2PO4, KCl, NaHCO3, NaCl, glucose, sucrose, CaCl2, Tween 80, dimethyl sulfoxide, pancuronium bromide, sodium cyanide, trypsin, Ham’s F12, Ki16425, and ethanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville ON).
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