15 adon

Minimal medium (MM) was used as a culture medium for the enrichment and isolation of DON-degrading strains. The composition of MM (pH 7.0) was described by Wang et al. (2019b) (link). Ingredients were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, Ontario, Canada), Guanghua Sci-Tech Co., Led. (Shantou, Guangdong, China), XILONG SCIENTIFIC (Shantou, Guangdong, China), and Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Toxin standards for DON, HT-2, T-2, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) were purchased from Romer Labs (Erber Campus, Getzersdorf, Austria).

All organic solvents, including acetonitrile and methanol used for sample extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis, were LC/MS grade and purchased from Fisher Scientific. Stock standard solutions of DON, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON, in acetonitrile with concentrations of 100.0, 100.0, and 100.0 mg/L, respectively, were purchased from Romer-labs (Tulln, Austria) and stored at −20 °C. ¹³C-DON (stable isotope-labelled internal standard, 50.0 µg/ml) and ¹³C-3-ADON (stable isotope-labelled internal standard, 25.0 µg/ml) stock solutions in acetonitrile were purchased from Romer-labs (Tulln, Austria). The working standard solutions were prepared in the mobile phase and kept at 4 °C. Wheat and maize reference materials for DON were purchased from Biopure (Tulln, Austria). Purified water was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Separation of the analytes was achieved on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) column. The identification of mycotoxins was performed on a 6460–1290 ultra high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer. The 0.22-µm pore organic phase filter membrane was purchased from Jinteng (Tianjin, China). A Mycosep 226 multi-functional purification column was purchased from Romer-labs (Tulln, Austria).