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41 protocols using mmp 1

1

Comprehensive Antibody Database for Research

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The following antibodies were used in this study: FKBP51 (ab12671, Abcam), GR (sc-393232, Santa Cruz), p-GR (#4161, Cell Signaling), IκBα (sc-1643, Santa Cruz) IL-1β (sc-7884, Santa Cruz), IL-6 (sc-130326, Santa Cruz), MKK3 (#5674, Cell Signaling), p-MKK3/6 (#9231, Cell Signaling), MMP1 (sc-21731, Santa Cruz), NF-kB (sc-109, Santa Cruz), p-NF-kB (sc-136548, Santa Cruz), TGF-β1 (sc-31609, Santa Cruz), p-Smad2/3 (sc-11769, Santa Cruz), Sirt1 (ab189494, Abcam) Smad4 (sc-7966, Santa Cruz), COL1A1 (sc-28657, Santa Cruz), COL3A1 (sc-271249, Santa Cruz), p16 (10883-1-AP, proteintech), p21 (sc-6246, Santa Cruz), p53 (1C12) (#2524, Cell Signaling), β-gal (sc-19119, Santa Cruz), MMP-1 (sc-21731, Santa Cruz), β-actin (sc-47778, Santa Cruz), and GAPDH (sc-32233, Santa Cruz). Secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit, anti-mouse, and anti-goat) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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In brief, the transfected cells were harvested, washed and lysed with RIPA buffer. The protein concentration was measured using the bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA). Equivalent quantities (30–50 µg) of protein were separated by 12 % sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride microporous (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked with 5 % non-fat milk in Tris-buffered saline for 2 h and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against Fra-1, MMP9, c-Met, GAPDH, HMGA1, vimentin antibody (Epitomics, Burlingame, USA), MMP1 (Santa Cruz) at dilutions specified by the manufacturer. The membranes were washed 3 times in TBS-Tween and incubated with the corresponding horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody at a 1:5000 dilution for 1 h. Bound secondary antibody was detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) system (Pierce Biotechnology Inc, Rockford, USA). Western-blot results were analyzed quantitatively by Image J Software.
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3

Protein Expression Analysis of Wound Healing

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Western blot (WB) analysis for proteins isolated from wound tissue of animals with or without CD34+ therapy was performed by following the standard procedures. Primary antibodies used were for MMP1, α-SMA (from Santa Cruz, CA), MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, SM22α (all from Abcam, USA), β actin, and GAPDH (both from Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA). Mouse, rabbit IgG-HRP conjugated (Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA) and goat IgG-HRP conjugated (Santa Cruz, CA) secondary Abs were used and specific bands were detected using enzyme-linked chemiluminescences (Pierce, IL). Densitometric analysis of developed bands was performed by using UN-SCAN-IT (gel 6.1 version) software. Relative density was calculated using respective GAPDH/ β-actin bands.
In a separate experiment, fibroblasts were cultured under serum deprived (1% FBS) conditions. Total protein was extracted in lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors from 5 different conditions of fibroblast cultures, such as added MG132 (10 µM), CD34+ cells, CD34+ cells plus MG132, or MG132 plus SP 600125 (JNK Inhibitor II, 20 µM) (from Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany), with medium alone serving as a control at both 6 h and 12 h time points. Twenty micrograms of total proteins were tested by WB analysis for levels of c-Jun and GAPDH (all from Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA) following the above-mentioned techniques.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Thirty micrograms of protein were electrophoresed on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies, followed by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody conjugates. Protein bands were visualized by using a Western blotting detection kit. Primary antibodies against PARP, caspase-3, caspase-9, phospho-JNK1/2, phospho-p38, and phospho-ERK1/2 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); primary antibodies against Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-1, and actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA); and primary antibodies against MMP-2 and MMP-9 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
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5

Protein Expression Analysis Workflow

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CM were mixed with 4× Laemmli sample buffer (containing 2-mercaptoethanol) and boiled for 10 min at 95°C. 15-μl protein volumes were separated on 4–15% Mini-PROTEAN TGX stain-free protein gels (4568086; Bio-Rad), and whole proteins were detected with the Criterion Stain-free imaging system (Bio-Rad). Next, the proteins were transferred on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes using the Trans-Blot-Turbo system (Bio-Rad). The membranes were blocked in 5% nonfat dry milk/TBS-T for 1 h at RT. The following primary antibodies were diluted 1:1,000 in 5% BSA/TBS-T and incubated overnight at 4°C: MMP1 (sc-30069; Santa Cruz), SERPINE1 (sc-5297; Santa Cruz), TIMP2 (ab53730; Abcam), COL6A1 (sc-377143; Santa Cruz), FN1 (F3648; Sigma-Aldrich), and THBS1 (sc-59887; Santa Cruz). Membranes were 3× washed in TBS-T and the following secondary antibodies were diluted 1:20,000 in 2.5% nonfat dry milk/TBS-T and incubated for 1 h at RT: goat-anti-mouse-HRP (SAB3701073-2; Sigma-Aldrich) or goat-anti-rabbit-HRP (SAB3700878-1; Sigma-Aldrich). HRP was visualized by the UltraScence Pico Ultra Western Substrate (CCH345-B; GeneDireX) and the ChemiDoc MP imaging system (Bio-Rad).
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6

Analyzing Arthropod-Mediated Inflammatory Pathways

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GCE was purchased from the Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine (Seoul, Korea). Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against AP1, NF-κB, SP1, ETS1, and MMP1 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-TLR2 antibody and anti-phosphorylated and control p44/42 antibodies were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and Cell Signaling Technology (Denvers, MA, USA), respectively. The broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 and the MAPK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and Cell Signaling Technology, respectively.
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7

Oxidative Stress Modulation in Skin Cells

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Penicillin/streptomycin antibiotics came from Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. EZ-Cytox reagent and EZ-western Lumi Pico Alpha were obtained from DoGenBio. Protease inhibitors, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP), L-ascorbic acid, and o-toluidine blue were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA buffer) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. ELISA Kit for Collagen Type I was purchased from Cloud-Clone Corp.. Collagen, elastin, MMP-1, MMP-9, JNK, p-JNK, ERK, p-ERK, p38, p-p38, NF-κB, P-NF-κB, and HRP conjugated secondary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) and actin antibody (Biosciences) were also used in this study.
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8

Antibody Characterization for Lymphangiogenesis

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Antibodies were purchased as follows: polyclonal antibodies specific for VEGF-C (dilution 1:100), VEGF-D (dilution 1:100; Abnova, Jhongli, Taiwan), VEGFR-3 (dilution 1:400, rabbit anti-human FLT-4; Spring Bioscience, Pleasanton, CA, USA), phosphorylated VEGFR-2/3 (dilution 1:500, pVEGFR-3; Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany), mouse monoclonal antibody specific for D2–40 (dilution 1:40; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-10 (dilution 1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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9

Protein Expression Analysis in Cells

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The treated cells were harvested and lysed with 20% SDS containing 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The lysate was sonicated for 1 min on ice followed by centrifugation at 12,000g for 30 min at 4 ºC. Mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were isolated by using the ProteoExtract® Cytosol/Mitochondria Fractionation Kit (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Then a sample of protein from the supernatant was resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking with TBS buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) containing 5% nonfat milk, the membrane was incubated with antibodies against type I procollagen, MMP-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), followed by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and then was visualized with an ECL chemiluminescence detection kit (PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Waltham, MA, USA). The relative density of the immunoreactive bands was quantified by using a luminescent image analyzer (LSA-100, Fujifilm, Japan).
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10

Optimizing Chemotherapeutic Efficacy through Molecular Pathway Analysis

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Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and trypsin (0.25% w/v) were purchased from Hyclone (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Rockford, IL). Topotecan (TOPO) was purchased from 21st Century Global E-Commerce Network (East Sussex, UK). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sulforhodamine B (SRB), TRIS buffer, acetic acid, ECL western blotting substrate for chemiluminescence were obtained from Bio-Rad (Hercules CA, United States ). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and RNase A were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc (St. Louis, MO). Mouse anti-human antibodies (MMP-9, MMP-1, Ang-2, VEGF, Maspin and c-Fos were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (uPA; H77A10, MMP-1; SB12e, Ang-2; F-1, VEGF; JH121, Maspin; E10 Santa Cruz, CA) and Cell Signaling Technology (PAI-1; D9C4, uPAR; D7X2N, MMP-9; D6O3H, c-Fos; 9F6, Danvers, MA). Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H = L) Secondary antibody, HRP, was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology; 345,897 (Danvers, MA). β-actin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; A5316. All glass and plasticware were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA).
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