β hydroxybutyrate

Manufactured by Cayman Chemical

Sourced in Germany

β-hydroxybutyrate is a chemical compound used in laboratory research as a standard or analytical reference material. It is a ketone body produced during fatty acid metabolism. The product is supplied as a crystalline solid.

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Lab products found in correlation

Accu chek active glucometer, by Roche (2 mentions) Superose 6 column, by Cytiva (2 mentions) P 500, by Cytiva (2 mentions) Glycerol, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions) Fgf21, by R&D Systems (2 mentions) Ly294002, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Sb431542, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Anti nlrp3 antibody, by Adipogen (1 mentions) Gw6471, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Mcc950, by Adipogen (1 mentions) Ab65341, by Abcam (1 mentions) Adiponectin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Corticosterone, by Arbor Assays (1 mentions) Leptin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Elisa, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Lactate, by Abcam (1 mentions) Pyruvate, by Abcam (1 mentions) Triglyceride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mcp 1, by BioLegend (1 mentions) Cholesterol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

12 protocols using β hydroxybutyrate

Generation of Adipolin Antibody and Assays

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A polyclonal antibody against mouse adipolin was generated, as previously described.⁴³ (link) Anti-NLRP3 antibody was purchased from Adipogen and Novus. Anti-caspase 1 antibodies were purchased from Adipogen and Proteintech. Anti-IL1β antibodies were purchased from R&D Systems. MCC950 was purchased from Adipogen. GW6471 and SB431542 were purchased from Cayman Chemicals. LY294002 was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Recombinant angiotensin II protein was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. β-hydroxybutyrate and a ketone Body assay kit were purchased from Cayman. Adenoviral vectors expressing the genes encoding β-galactosidase (Ad-β-gal) and FLAG-tagged adipolin (Ad-APL) were constructed under the control of the CMV promoter.¹³ (link)^,¹⁴ (link)

Fang L., Ohashi K., Hayakawa S., Ogawa H., Otaka N., Kawanishi H., Takikawa T., Ozaki Y., Takahara K., Tatsumi M., Takefuji M., Shimizu Y., Bando Y.K., Fujishima Y., Maeda N., Shimomura I., Murohara T, & Ouchi N. (2023). Adipolin protects against renal injury via PPARα-dependent reduction of inflammasome activation. iScience, 26(5), 106591.

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Analyzing Kidney Oxidative Stress

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The MnSOD, CAT, total SOD, and Cu/Zn SOD activity and MDA levels in the kidney cortex were analyzed using commercial kits according to the manufacturers' instructions (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Jiangsu, China).
The NAD (BioVision, San Francisco, USA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (Cayman, Michigan, USA) levels in the kidney cortex and serum were detected using commercial kits according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Yi W., Xie X., Du M., Bu Y., Wu N., Yang H., Tian C., Xu F., Xiang S., Zhang P., Chen Z., Zuo X, & Ying C. (2017). Green Tea Polyphenols Ameliorate the Early Renal Damage Induced by a High-Fat Diet via Ketogenesis/SIRT3 Pathway. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 9032792.

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Blood Biomarker Quantification Protocol

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We collected the mouse trunk blood between 14:00 and 15:00 hours on the day of the experiments to obtain serum from mice in all the experimental groups. For plasma, we used heparinised capillary tubes (22-362-566; Fisherbrand) to draw tail-vein blood from the mice used in this study. We centrifuged the blood at 2000 g at 4°C for 20 min to separate plasma or serum from whole blood. We measured plasma insulin (90080; Crystal Chem, USA) and serum glucagon (81518; Crystal Chem) levels by ELISA. Serum creatinine (700460; Cayman Chemical), β-hydroxybutyrate (700190; Cayman Chemical) and NEFA (ab65341; Abcam) were measured by colorimetric assays. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer as per the manufacturer’s instructions (Epoch, BioTek, USA).

de Souza Cordeiro L.M., Bainbridge L., Devisetty N., McDougal D.H., Peters D.J, & Chhabra K.H. (2022). Loss of function of renal Glut2 reverses hyperglycaemia and normalises body weight in mouse models of diabetes and obesity. Diabetologia, 65(6), 1032-1047.

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Plasma Metabolite Profiling in Mice

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Blood was collected by puncture of the v.facialis from ad libitum fed or 12 h-fasted mice. TG, TC (DiaSys, Holzheim, Germany), and β-hydroxybutyrate (Cayman, Ann Harbor, MI) concentrations were measured enzymatically according to manufacturer's instructions. Lipoprotein fractions from 200 μl pooled plasma per genotype were separated using fast protein liquid chromatography (Pharmacia P-500) equipped with a Superose 6 column (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ) and TG and TC concentrations were assayed spectrophotometrically. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were measured enzymatically (Roche Diagnostics, Risch, Switzerland). Blood glucose concentration was determined using Accu-Chek^® Active glucometer and glucose strips (Roche Diagnostics).

Leopold C., Duta-Mare M., Sachdev V., Goeritzer M., Maresch L.K., Kolb D., Reicher H., Wagner B., Stojakovic T., Ruelicke T., Haemmerle G., Hoefler G., Sattler W, & Kratky D. (2019). Hepatocyte-specific lysosomal acid lipase deficiency protects mice from diet-induced obesity but promotes hepatic inflammation. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids, 1864(4), 500-511.

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Metabolic Biomarker Monitoring in Clinical Visits

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At each 6-month clinic visit, 8-hour fasting blood was drawn and blood pressure was measured. Current medication use was recorded. Samples were prepared and stored at −70°C.
Fasting glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, and insulin were measured in stored plasma using kits (glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate: Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI; insulin: Alpco Diagnostics, Salem, NH), according to each manufacturer’s protocol. Fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured in fresh plasma using an enzymatic method of the Standardization Program of the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as described previously (Hodis et al., 2015 (link)). LDL-cholesterol was computed using the Friedewald equation (Friedewald et al., 1972 (link)). Fasting HbA1c was measured in fresh whole blood using the Bio-Rad Hemoglobin A1c HPLC test.

Rettberg J.R., Dang H., Hodis H.N., Henderson V.W., St. John J.A., Mack W.J, & Brinton R.D. (2016). Identifying postmenopausal women at risk for cognitive decline within a healthy cohort using a panel of clinical metabolic indicators: Potential for detecting an at-Alzheimer’s risk metabolic phenotype. Neurobiology of aging, 40, 155-163.

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Serum Biomarkers in Murine EAE

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In murine studies, serum samples were collected at baseline before
starting the diet (named T1), after four weeks on the diet but before
immunization (T2), and during clinical EAE (T3). Serum samples were
immediately frozen and aliquoted. The levels of corticosterone (Arbor
assays), adiponectin (EMD Millipore), leptin (EMD Millipore) and
β-Hydroxybutyrate (Cayman Chemical Company) were determined using
commercially available ELISAs. In the human study, commercially available
ELISA kits were used to test serum levels of leptin (EMD Millipore),
adiponectin (EMD Millipore), and β - Hydroxybutyrate (Cayman Chemical
Company).

Cignarella F., Cantoni C., Ghezzi L., Salter A., Dorsett Y., Chen L., Fontana L., Weinstock G.M., Cross A.H., Zhou Y, & Piccio L. (2018). Intermittent fasting confers protection in CNS autoimmunity by altering the gut microbiota. Cell metabolism, 27(6), 1222-1235.e6.

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Metabolic Markers in Human Subjects

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HbA1c, ALAT and TSH were analyzed at Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital. HbA1c was analyzed by HPLC, ALAT by absorption photometry and TSH by a luminometric assay.
Plasma glucose was measured immediately on an YSI 2300 STAT Plus glucose analyzer (YSI®). Insulin, C-peptide, and cortisol were measured by ELISA (DAKO, Agilent Technologies, Denmark (insulin), ALPCO, NH, USA (C-peptide) and DRG, NJ, USA (cortisol)). Glucagon was analyzed by RIA (EMD Millipore, Germany). Commercial kits were used to analyze FFA (Wako Chemicals, Germany), glycerol and β-hydroxybutyrate (Cayman Chemicals, USA). Adiponectin and leptin were analysed by validated in-house time-resolved immunofluorometric assays based on commercial reagents (R&D Systems, UK) [24 (link)].

Bak A.M., Vendelbo M.H., Christensen B., Viggers R., Bibby B.M., Rungby J., Jørgensen J.O., Møller N, & Jessen N. (2018). Prolonged fasting-induced metabolic signatures in human skeletal muscle of lean and obese men. PLoS ONE, 13(9), e0200817.

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Plasma Metabolite Profiling in Mice

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Fgf21 Kinetics in Plasma and Tissues

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For the analysis of Fgf21-kinetics blood samples were taken from all mice at weeks 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 64. At the end of the experiment, all mice were exsanguinated by puncture of the vena cava inferior for immediate separation of plasma, followed by harvest of brain and liver tissues. Measurements of Fgf21 and ketone bodies in plasma were performed using the Fgf21 immunoassay and β-hydroxybutyrate assay kit methods according to the manufacturer's instructions (Fgf21: R&D System; β-hydroxybutyrate: Cayman Chemical Company).

Rühlmann C., Wölk T., Blümel T., Stahn L., Vollmar B, & Kuhla A. (2016). Long-term caloric restriction in ApoE-deficient mice results in neuroprotection via Fgf21-induced AMPK/mTOR pathway. Aging (Albany NY), 8(11), 2777-2789.

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Metabolite Quantification in Cell Culture

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The β-hydroxybutyrate (Cayman), glycerol (Cayman), lactate (BioVision), pyruvate (BioVision), and FFA (BioVision) levels in media were measured using colorimetric assay kits according to the instructions from the manufacturer. The levels were normalized to protein concentration.

Wu Q., Li J., Li Z., Sun S., Zhu S., Wang L., Wu J., Yuan J., Zhang Y., Sun S, & Wang C. (2019). Exosomes from the tumour-adipocyte interplay stimulate beige/brown differentiation and reprogram metabolism in stromal adipocytes to promote tumour progression. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR, 38, 223.

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