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Alexa 488 conjugated anti rat igg

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Alexa-488 conjugated anti-rat IgG is a secondary antibody used to detect and visualize rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) in various biological applications. It is conjugated with the Alexa Fluor 488 fluorescent dye, which emits green fluorescence upon excitation, enabling the detection and localization of rat IgG in samples.

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8 protocols using alexa 488 conjugated anti rat igg

1

Quantifying Tumor-Associated Macrophages and CD8+ T Cells

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All sections were deparaffinized, and antigen retrieval was performed as previously described. For the detection of M2-like TAMs, lymph nodes or lung tissues were blocked with 1.5% BSA containing 0.2% Triton X-100. The tissues were incubated with rat anti-mouse CD206 primary antibodies (1:1000; Bio-Rad Laboratories) and visualized using Alexa-488 conjugated anti-rat IgG (1:1000; Invitrogen). All antibodies were diluted in 0.5% BSA solution. To detect TAMs and CD8+ T cells in tumor nodules of lung tissues, the sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following antibodies: rabbit anti-mouse CD8a (1:2000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and rat anti-mouse CD68 (1:1000; Bio-Rad Laboratories). They were then visualized after incubating with the following antibodies for 1 h at room temperature: Alexa-594 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (1:1000; Invitrogen) and Alexa-488 conjugated anti-rat IgG (1:1000; Invitrogen). Five fields of different tumor nodules in the lungs were randomly selected and visualized using an LSM 800 laser scanning confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
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2

Immunofluorescence Visualization of Cux1 and GFP

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After the real-time luciferase assay, the slices were fixed for several hours with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS. The slices were incubated at 4°C overnight with rabbit anti-Cux1 (1:250; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and rat anti-GFP (1:1,000; nacalai tesque). After extensive washes, the signals were visualized with Alexa 488-conjugated anti-rat IgG (1:500; Invitrogen) and Cy5-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (1:250; Jackson ImmunoResearch). The samples were embedded with 80% glycerol containing DAPI and DABCO, and observed by confocal microscopy through a 20× objective lens (Leica, TCS-SP5).
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3

Comprehensive Antibody Validation Protocol

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Anti-Aurora B (ab2254), anti-INCENP (ab36453) and anti-HA (16B12; ab130275) antibodies were obtained from Abcam. Anti-Plk pT210 (sc-135706) and normal rabbit IgG were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti-Cdc7 antibody was obtained from MBL. Anti-Aurora B pT232 antibody (Poly6361) obtained from BioLegend was used only for immunostaining. Anti-Histone H3 pS10 rabbit antibody was from Upstate. Anti-Histone H3 pS28 antibody was prepared in house in rat70 (link). Anti-CENP-A pSer7 antibody (2187) was from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies against Tubulin, Aurora-A and FLAG (M2) were obtained from Sigma. Alexa 488 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG, Alexa 546 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG, Alexa 488 conjugated anti-rat IgG, and Alexa 647 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG, obtained from Invitrogen, were used for immune-staining or FACS staining.
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4

Edema and Neutrophil Assessment in Mice

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Mice were pretreated with 40 μg/mouse i.v. of β-glucan, or dextran. 1 hour later, rabbit anti-chicken egg albumin IgG (60 μg/30 μL, Sigma-Aldrich, C6534) or PBS alone were injected subcutaneously in the dorsal skin of wild-type mice, followed immediately by the intravenous injection of ovalbumin (400 μg/mouse, Sigma-Aldrich). After 4 hours, the skin containing the injection site was removed from euthanized mice. For analysis of edema, the solution of chicken egg albumin contained 0.15% Evans blue dye (Sigma-Aldrich) and measurements were conducted as described (Utomo et al., 2008 (link)). For immunostaining of neutrophils, the injected site of skin was excised. 10 μm OCT-embedded, frozen sections were fixed in ice-cold acetone, blocked with Dako protein block solution (DAKO), and incubated with Rat anti-Ly6G Ab (1:100, Biolegend, 127602), Alexa488 conjugated anti-Rat IgG (1:500, Invitrogen, A21208) and DAPI (1:500). Ly6G-positive neutrophils per HPF were counted and averaged.
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5

Edema and Neutrophil Assessment in Mice

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Mice were pretreated with 40 μg/mouse i.v. of β-glucan, or dextran. 1 hour later, rabbit anti-chicken egg albumin IgG (60 μg/30 μL, Sigma-Aldrich, C6534) or PBS alone were injected subcutaneously in the dorsal skin of wild-type mice, followed immediately by the intravenous injection of ovalbumin (400 μg/mouse, Sigma-Aldrich). After 4 hours, the skin containing the injection site was removed from euthanized mice. For analysis of edema, the solution of chicken egg albumin contained 0.15% Evans blue dye (Sigma-Aldrich) and measurements were conducted as described (Utomo et al., 2008 (link)). For immunostaining of neutrophils, the injected site of skin was excised. 10 μm OCT-embedded, frozen sections were fixed in ice-cold acetone, blocked with Dako protein block solution (DAKO), and incubated with Rat anti-Ly6G Ab (1:100, Biolegend, 127602), Alexa488 conjugated anti-Rat IgG (1:500, Invitrogen, A21208) and DAPI (1:500). Ly6G-positive neutrophils per HPF were counted and averaged.
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6

Immunohistochemical analysis of Cux1 and GFP

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After the real-time luciferase assay, the slices were fixed for several hours with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS. The slices were incubated at 4°C overnight with rabbit anti-Cux1 (1:250; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and rat anti-GFP (1:1000; nacalai tesque). After extensive washes, the signals were visualized with Alexa 488-conjugated anti-rat IgG (1:500; invitrogen) and Cy5-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (1:250; Jackson ImmunoResearch). The samples were embedded with 80% glycerol containing DAPI and DABCO, and observed by confocal microscopy through a 20× objective lens (Leica, TCS-SP5).
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7

Immunostaining of Incorporated Human SeP

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Treated cultured cells were fixed in PBS containing 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 h and then immunostained. Incorporated human SeP protein in the cells was visualized by using rat anti-human SeP mAb BD1 (5 μg/ml) and Alexa 488–conjugated anti-rat IgG (Molecular Probes). Hoechst 33258 dye (Dojindo) was used to stain cell nuclei. The dilution of each Ab was determined according to the instruction. Specimens were observed using a laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscope (LSM 710 ConfoCor 3; Carl Zeiss and FV1000; Olympus) equipped with Zeiss Efficient Navigation 2009 software (https://www.zeiss.com/microscopy/en/products/software/zeiss-zen.html). For pixel distribution analysis, the stained cells were observed by laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscope FV1000 and analyzed by Fluoview software (https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/ja/support/downloads/).
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8

Biochemical Reagent Acquisition Protocol

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LTB4 and 12-HHT were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Probenecid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Pluronic F-127, Alexa-488-conjugated anti-Rat IgG (Molecular Probes), and fetal calf serum (FCS; GIBCO) were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). A penicillin-streptomycin solution and geneticin (G418) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). [35S]-guanosine 5’-O-(gamma-thio) triphosphate (GTPγS) was obtained from Perkin-Elmer Life Science (Boston, MA). Anti-hemagglutinin (anti-HA; clone 3F10) was purchased from Roche (Penzberg, Germany).
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