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5 protocols using butaclamol hydrochloride

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Neuroactive Compounds

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All compounds and aripiprazole were synthesized as described under General Chemistry Procedures. Dopamine hydrochloride, (−)-quinpirole, (+)-butaclamol hydrochloride, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatine sulfate, (−)-isoproterenol bitartrate, and HEPES sodium salt were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). HBSS (10X) was purchased by Invitrogen and fatty-acid free BSA was purchased from Akron Biotech.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Neuroactive Compounds

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All compounds and aripiprazole were synthesized as described under General Chemistry Procedures. Dopamine hydrochloride, (−)-quinpirole, (+)-butaclamol hydrochloride, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatine sulfate, (−)-isoproterenol bitartrate, and HEPES sodium salt were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). HBSS (10X) was purchased by Invitrogen and fatty-acid free BSA was purchased from Akron Biotech.
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3

Manipulating Dopamine Signaling in Drosophila

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To influence dopamine signaling, 2 days old radish1 or CS flies were put for 14h on 5mg of Methylphenidate hydrochloride (Sigma) mixed under 10ml of regular food. To inhibit dDAT or DopR1 function, we kept 2 days old CS flies for 14h on 10ml of regular food with 30mg Desipramine hydrochloride or 1mg (+)-Butaclamol hydrochloride (Sigma), respectively. For inhibition of dopamine synthesis, freshly hatched CS flies were put on 20ml of regular food with 8mg α-Methyl-DL-tyrosine (Sigma) for 120h. We verified uptake of food by the addition of a non-hazardous blue dye, which after 14h stained the abdomen of the flies. To ablate the mushroom bodies, CS flies were treated with Hydroxyurea (Sigma) [16 (link)]. Dopamine was measured by HPLC (M. Krischke, Botany Department, University of Wuerzburg).
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4

Synthesis and Radiolabeling of Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands

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8-triazaspiro(4.5)decan-4-one,8-(3-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl)-1-phenyl-3 hydrochloride (spiperone), 1H-Benzo(6,7)cyclohepta(1,2,3-de)pyrido(2,1-a)isoquinolin-3-ol, 2,3,4,4a,8,9,13b,14-octahydro-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-(3S-(3-alpha,4a-alpha,13b-beta)) ((+)-butaclamol) hydrochloride and S-(−)-3-chloro-5-ethyl-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzamide hydrochloride (eticlopride), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The synthesis and purification of the SV series of compounds, including 1-((5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)piperidin-4-ol (SV 293), have been previously reported (Vangveravong et al., 2006 (link); Vangveravong et al., 2011). The synthesis and purification of the 4-(dimethylamino)-N-(4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzamide (WC-10) and N-[(4-[4-[2-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-4-(3-thienyl)benzamide (LS-3-134) have been previously reported (Tu et al., 2011a (link)).
LS-3-134 was radiolabeled with tritium ([3H]LS-3-134) by American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc. (St. Louis, MO) to a specific activity of 60 Ci/mmol. [125I]IABN was prepared and purified as previously described (Luedtke et al., 2000 (link)). [3H]raclopride was obtained commercially (NEN-PerkinElmer).
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5

Neurotransmitter Receptor Antagonists in Fly

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Picrotoxin (Sigma), CGP54626 hydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience), mecamylamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), (+)-MK-801 hydrogen maleate (Sigma-Aldrich), and (+)-butaclamol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as receptor antagonists of GABAA, GABAB, nicotinic acetylcholine, NMDA, and dopamine, respectively. Picrotoxin, mecamylamine hydrochloride, and (+)-MK-801 hydrogen maleate were dissolved in saline to 500 μM, 200 μM, and 200 μM, respectively. Both CGP54626 hydrochloride and (+)-butaclamol hydrochloride were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to 100 mM and further diluted in saline to 100 μM. These drug solutions were stored at -30°C until use. During drug application, 1 mL of the saline applied on the fixed fly was first discarded and then equivalent amounts of drug solutions or saline as control were applied. Final concentrations of Picrotoxin, CGP54626 hydrochloride, mecamylamine hydrochloride, (+)-MK-801 hydrogen maleate, and (+)-butaclamol hydrochloride were 250 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, 100 μM, and 50 μM, respectively.
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