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Genesis mx stm 1 w

Manufactured by Thorlabs

The Genesis MX STM-1 W is a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) designed and manufactured by Thorlabs. It is a precision instrument used for imaging and characterizing surfaces at the nanometer scale.

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7 protocols using genesis mx stm 1 w

1

Nanoparticle Manipulation and Spectroscopy

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A Nikon inverted microscope (Nikon Ti-E) with a ×100 oil objective (Nikon, NA 0.5–1.3) and a motorised stage was used for the manipulation experiments. A 532 nm laser (Coherent, Genesis MX STM-1 W) was expanded with a 5× beam expander (Thorlabs, GBE05-A) and directed to the microscope. An oil condenser (NA 1.20–1.43) was used to focus the white incident light onto the sample from the top. A colour charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (Nikon) and a fast monochromic CCD camera (Andor) were used to record optical images and track particles, respectively. The scattering signal from the nanoparticles was directed to a two-dimensional detector in a spectrometer (Andor) with a 500 nm grating. Background spectra were recorded and subtracted to obtain the scattering signal of the particles. The spectra were finally normalised with the light source spectra.
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2

Optical Microscopy for Biomolecular Dynamics

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A 660-nm laser beam (Laser Quantum, Ventus) and a 532-nm laser beam (Coherent, Genesis MX STM-1 W) were expanded with a 5× beam expander (Thorlabs, GBE05-A) and directed to a Nikon inverted microscope (Nikon Ti-E) with a 100× oil objective (Nikon; numerical aperture, 0.5 to 1.3) for the rotor experiments inside a microfluidic chamber of ~120 μm thickness. For the dark-field optical imaging, an air condenser (Nikon, C-AA Achromat/Aplanat Condenser) was used to focus the incident white light onto the sample from the top. A complementary metal oxide–semiconductor camera (Nikon, DS-Fi3) was used to record the optical images. A Notch filter (533 or 658 nm) was placed between the objective and the camera to block the incident laser beam. White light was directed from the top of the stage for bright-field imaging. A halogen lamp was applied through the objective with a green fluorescent protein filter cube (457 to 487/502 to 538 nm for excitation/emission) for fluorescence imaging. The notch filter was removed in fluorescence imaging.
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3

Single-particle optical characterization of WS2 and a-SiNS:H

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An inverted microscope (Nikon TiE) and a spectrograph (Andor Shamrock 303i-B) with an EMCCD (Andor Newton DU970P) are used for the experiments. A glass coverslip is always applied on the sample to work with an oil immersion objective (Nikon Plan Fluor 100X Oil, NA 0.5). As for the measurement in water, a drop of deionized water is encapsulated between the substrate and coverslip, immersing the WS2 and a-SiNS:Hs. In the single particle scattering measurement (Fig. 2A), an oil immersion dark-field condenser (Nikon NA 1.20-1.43) is used to focus the white illuminating light (halogen light source, 12 V, 100 W) onto the sample from the top. Forward scattering signal is collected by the 100X oil immersion objective. In the photoluminescence (PL) measurement, a 532 nm laser (Coherent, Genesis MX STM-1 W) is expanded with a 5X beam expander (Thorlabs, GBE05-A) and directed to the microscope. The 100X oil immersion objective is used to focus the laser on the sample and to collect the PL signal. A notch filter (Thorlabs, NF533-17) is used to block the 532 nm laser signal towards the spectrometer. The signal collection window is limited to the single-particle area. The pure WS2 PL signal is measured five times at different positions surrounding the a-SiNS:H and averaged.
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4

Optical Nanomotors Tracking Protocol

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The optical nanomotors experiments were conducted on an inverted microscope (Nikon TiE) with a ×100 oil objective (Nikon, numerical aperture: 0.5–1.3). A 660 nm laser (Laser Quantum) or a 532 nm laser (Coherent, Genesis MX STM-1 W) was expanded with a 5× beam expander (Thorlabs, GBE05-A) and directed to the microscope. An oil dark-field condenser (NA 1.20–1.43) and a color charge-coupled device (CCD, from Nikon) were used for dark-field optical imaging. A fast monochromic CCD camera (Andor) was used to track the nanoparticles.
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5

Optothermal Trapping Potential Characterization

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A 532 nm laser beam (Coherent, Genesis MX STM-1 W) was expanded to a diameter of ~ 5 mm with a beam expander (Thorlabs, GBE05-A) and projected onto a computer-controlled digital micro-mirror device (DMD) to create a dynamic one-dimensional optothermal potential on the substrate. The optical images reflected from the DMD were relayed onto the substrate through a 1000 mm doublet lens, a 200 mm doublet lens, an infinity-corrected tube lens, and a 40× objective lens (Nikon, NA 0.75) in an inverted optical microscope (Nikon Ti-E). The DMD and lens were removed from the setup and a 100X oil lens (Nikon, NA 0.5–1.3) was used to measure the trapping stiffness. We employed a color CCD camera (Nikon) and a fast monochromic CCD camera (Andor) to record optical images and to track particles, respectively. A 532 nm notch filter was inserted between the objective and the cameras to block the laser beam.
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6

Laser-based Manipulation Experiments

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A laser beam at the wavelength of 660 nm (Laser Quantum, Opus 660) or 532 nm (Coherent, Genesis MX STM-1W) was expanded with a 5× beam expander (Thorlabs, GBE05-A) and introduced to a Nikon inverted microscope (Nikon, Ti-E) with a 100× oil objective (Nikon, CFI Plan Fluor 100XS Oil) for the manipulation experiments inside a microfluidic chamber of ~120 μm thickness. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera (Nikon, DS-Fi3) was used to obtain the optical images and videos. When necessary, a notch filter was put between the objective and the camera to block the incident laser beam. Fluorescence images were taken by using a xenon lamp (Sutter Instrument Lambda, LB-LS/30) with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) filter cube (457–487/502–538 nm).
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7

Customizable Laser Beam Trapping Microscopy

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A 532 nm laser beam (Coherent, Genesis MX STM-1 W) was expanded to a diameter of ~ 5 mm with a beam expander (Thorlabs, GBE05-A) and projected onto a computer-controlled DMD to allow customization of the beam shape. The optical images reflected from the DMD were relayed onto the substrate through a 1000 mm doublet lens, a 200 mm doublet lens, an infinity-corrected tube lens, and a 40× objective lens (Nikon, NA 0.75) in an inverted optical microscope (Nikon Ti-E). The DMD and lens were removed from the setup and a 100X oil lens (Nikon, NA 0.7–1.3) was used when measuring the trapping stiffness in Fig. 3. Real-time optical imaging was achieved using a color CCD (Nikon) and the particle tracking was achieved using a fast monochromic CCD (Andor). A 533 nm notch filter was inserted between the objective and the camera to block the laser beam. The beam power impinging on the sample was measured using a Thorlabs PM-100D power meter.
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