1 3 bis diphenylphosphino propane dppp

(1E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (JC3) and JC3-dimer (Fig. 1A) were provided by professor Sei Kwan Oh (Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea) and dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The final concentration of DMSO did not exceed 0.02% when JC3 was added to cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), propidium iodide (PI), Hoechst 33342, N-acetyl-Lcysteine (NAC), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane (DPPP), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), and actin antibody were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA). 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine chloride (JC-1) was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Bcl-2 and Bax antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc (Dallas, TX, USA). Caspase-3, caspase-9, JNK, phospho-JNK, p38 MAPK, phospho-p38 MAPK, ERK, phospho-ERK, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). SP600125, SB203580, and U0126 were purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA).