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6 protocols using ab106393

1

Western Blot Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Proteins

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Cardiomyocytes were divided into four groups, lysates of cardiomyocytes were prepared in RIPA buffer, and protein concentration was determined by BCA protein assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, US). Equal amounts (30 μg) of proteins were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE (100 V for 120 min) and transferred into nitrocellulose membranes (120 min at 100 V) using standard procedures. The binding of nonspecific proteins to the membrane was blocked with blocking buffer (5% nonfat milk) at room temperature for 2 h. The membranes were probed with anti-CaMKII (ab52476, Abcam), anti-RIPK1 (ab106393, Abcam), anti-RIPK3 (sc-374639, Santa Cruz), and anti-β-actin (T40104, abmart) at 4°C overnight. After the membrane was washed three times with TBST (20 mM Tris, 500 mM NaCl, and 0.1% Tween 20) for 10 min each time at room temperature, the membrane was incubated with the second antibody (1 : 20000) for 1 h at 37°C. Then, the membrane was washed three times with TBST for 10 min each time at room temperature. Detection was performed using an ECL chemiluminescence kit (PK10003, Proteintech). Finally, the PVDF membrane was placed in the Bio-Rad ChemiDocXRS gel imaging system for photography under exposure, and band intensities were quantified using Image Lab software. Three independent replicates were conducted for this experiment.
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2

Quantification of Necroptosis Proteins

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Proteins extracted from human tissues and cultured MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were quantified by BCA methods (Thermo Scientifics, NY, USA). A total of 40 μg proteins were loaded onto a 10% SDS-PAGE gels. Electrophoresis was performed in the home-made running buffer, and afterwards, proteins were transferred into a 0.22 μm membrane (Millipore, USA) for 2 h with the voltage of 100 V. After blocking with 5% skim milk at room temperature for 1 h, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight. The primary antibodies against RIP1 (ab106393, Abcam, NJ, USA), RIP3 (ab56164, Abcam), MLKL (ab184718, Abcam), β-actin (ab8227, Abcam) and GAPDH (ab181602, Abcam) were diluted into 1:1000 with tris-buffered saline containing 1‰ tween-20 (TBST). The secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The chemiluminescence detection was performed with Supersignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Scientific, CA, USA).
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3

Monoclonal Antibodies for Apoptosis Signaling

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Mouse monoclonal antibodies against AQP1 (ab9566) and RIPK1 (ab72139) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Mouse monoclonal antibodies against RIPK1 (610458), caspase-8 (9746), and RIPK3 (sc-374639) were bought from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA), Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA), and Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX), respectively. The rabbit monoclonal antibody against p-MLKL (S345) (ab196436), p-RIPK3 (S227) (ab209384) and p-RIPK3 (S232) (ab195117), and rabbit polyclonal antibody against RIPK1 (ab106393) and MLKL (ab194699) were purchased from Abcam. The rabbit polyclonal antibody against cleaved caspase-3 (9661) and caspase-3 (9662) were bought from Cell Signaling Technology. The rabbit monoclonal anti-β-actin antibody (AC026) and anti-α-tubulin antibody (AC013) were from Abclonal (Wuhan, China). The cell transfection regent (F231-02) was purchased from TransGen Biotech (Beijing, China). The point mutation plasmids of RIPK1 were constructed using the HiFi HotStart DNA Polymerase (KAPA Biosystems, Roche, Switzerland).
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4

Investigating IGF-1's Cytoprotective Role

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The capacity to IGF-1–engineered EDCs to withstand cell death was assessed after culture in hypoxic (1% oxygen), low-serum (1% serum) conditions for 48 hours by examining (1) proliferation using the WST-8 assay (Dojindo); (2) expression of early apoptotic markers using flow cytometry (559763; BD Biosciences); (3) expression of Bcl-2, Fos, and Jun prosurvival transcripts using qPCR (Integrated DNA Technologies); (4) expression of 35 apoptosis-related and stress-activated proteins using a membrane-based antibody array (ARY009; R&D Systems); and (5) expression of necroptosis markers (RIP1, ab106393; RIP3, ab152130; caspase-8, ab25901; FADD, ab24533; Abcam) using Western blot densitometry.
The prosurvival effect of IGF-1 overexpression on neighboring myocardium was explored during direct and indirect (Transwell; Corning) coculture with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs; R-CM-561; Lonza). EDCs were distinguished from NRVMs using Vybrant DiO Cell-Labeling Solution (Molecular Probes). NRVMs and EDC cocultures underwent analysis of (1) cell viability using the colorimetric WST-8 assay, (2) apoptosis using flow cytometry for annexin V, and (3) expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (ab692; Abcam) using immmunohistochemistry.
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5

Western Blot for RIP1 and RIP3

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Total proteins were extracted from cells using the M-PER mammalian protein extraction reagent (78503, thermo sher, IL, USA). Equal amounts of total protein (16 µg) were loaded onto 11% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. The blots were probed with the primary antibodies against RIP1 (1:400), RIP3 (1:600) and GAPDH(1:1200) (ab106393, ab62344, ab181602, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), followed by probing with the secondary HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody (ab6271, Abcam). After washing, the bands were detected by chemiluminescence and imaged with X-ray lms. The software "Totallab" was used to scan the optical density of target bands, GAPDH was used as an endogenous reference for normalization.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Total protein was lysed using RIPA lysate. The protein concentration was measured using a Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). The proteins were transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes for SDS-PAGE detection (concentration of 12%). Afterwards, the membranes were blocked in 5% nonfat milk at room temperature for 1 h. Then, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against Fas (ab82419, 1:1000 dilution, Abcam), anti-TNF alpha (ab6671, 1:1000 dilution, Abcam) and anti-RIP (ab106393, 1:1000 dilution, Abcam) overnight at 4°C. The membranes were washed three times using TBST and were then incubated with goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (ab205718, 1/10000, Abcam) for 1.5 h at room temperature. The membranes were finally washed with TBST in triplicate and analyzed using an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).
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