Spectrum two fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer

To examine the morphology of the synthesised nanomaterials, scanning electron microscopy (SEM; coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis; EDAX) was performed using Zeiss EVO 18 Research. Furthermore, to study the morphology of the Co-Nd/Al₂O₃@fMWCNTs nanocomposite, transmission electron microscope (TEM) was carried out using TECHNAI G² 20 TWIN, FE, USA. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the produced nanocomposite material was examined using Cu Kα radiation on a D8 Advance/Discover Bruker Germany Diffractometer for characterisation of structure with a 2θ range from 5 to 72°. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) of developed nanomaterials diluted in KBr pellets were examined on a Perkin Elmer (Spectrum Two) Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. The UV–visible studies were done using a UV–visible spectrometer Hitachi U-3900, Japan. All electrochemical measurements were analysed on an Autolab electrochemical workstation (TYPE Ш) having NOVA 1.8.17 software. The conventional three-electrode system employing bare and modified GCE as the working electrode, saturated Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and platinum wire as a counter electrode is used in the electrochemical system.