SMCs were stimulated with 10 ng/mL PDGF-BB for 24 h, seeded onto nanofiber scaffold mats at a density of 2 × 104/well, and cultured for 48 h. The cultured cells were fixed with 4% PFA overnight and stained with phalloidin solution for 60 min according to manufacturer instructions (Meilun Bio, Dalian, China). Cells were then counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Bioss, Shanghai, China) for 10 min. Similarly, SMCs were seeded onto 24-well plates at a density of 1.5 × 104/well and cultured for 24 h. The cultured SMCs were then starved for 24 h, and the cells were fixed and stained with phalloidin solution (Meilun Bio) and DAPI, as previously described. A confocal fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss) was used to observe the cytoskeleton.
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