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7 protocols using prb 145p

1

Immunolabeling of Epidermal Markers

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Antibodies against keratin-10 (K-10; PRB-159P; Covance), E-cadherin (H-108; Santa Cruz), involucrin (SY5; Abcam), GR (M-20 or H-300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), p23 (JJ3; a gift from David O. Toft, Mayo Clinic), Fkbp51 (HI51B; a gift from Marc Cox, University of Texas at El Paso), loricrin, (PRB-145P; Covance), filaggrin (PRB-417P; Covance) and GAPDH (Abcam) were used for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or immunoblotting. Secondary biotin-conjugated (Vector Laboratories), peroxidase-conjugated (DAKO) or FITC- or Texas Red- (Vector Laboratories) conjugated anti-rabbit or anti-mouse antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting or immunofluorescence, respectively.
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2

Immunohistochemical Staining of Skin Tissue

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Similar to hematoxylin and eosin staining, we performed a series of tissue incubations in xylene and ethanol to remove paraffin and hydrate the tissue. Following this step, we performed antigen retrieval in sodium citrate (pH6.0) and permeabilization in Triton X-100 (VWR). We than performed a series of washing steps to remove the detergent. We then performed two blocking steps, each lasting one hour. The first blocking step was 10% BSA in PBS. After two brief washing steps in PBS, we than incubated the slides in 40 μg/ml of goat anti-mouse Fab fragment in PBS (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, 115-007-003). Primary antibodies were incubated for 18–24 hours at 4°C. Primary antibodies included TP63 (Santa Cruz, 4A4, sc-8431), Keratin 6 (Covance, PRB-169P), Keratin 14 (Novocastra, NCL-L-LL002), IRF6 (Sigma-Aldrich, SAB2102995), Keratin 1 (NCL-CK1, Novocastra), Loricrin (PRB-145P, Covance), Ki-67 (ab15580, Abcam), GRHL3 (a kind gift from Dr. B. Andersen, UCI, Irvine, CA), Activated Caspase 3 (Abcam, Ab13847), KRT17 (Sigma-Aldrich, HPA000453) JAG2 (ThermoFisher, PI701287) and MMP13 (Sigma-Aldrich, HPA030636). Secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit (Molecular Probes)) were incubated for 1–2 hours. Nuclei were labeled with DAPI (Invitrogen).
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3

Histological Examination of Tissue Samples

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Tissue was fixed overnight in 10% neutral buffered formalin and was paraffin embedded. Sections were labelled with haematoxylin and eosin, antibody to Ki67 or Fontana–Masson stain by the histology core services of the Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute or the CRUK Cambridge Research Institute. Sections were examined and photographed on an Axiophot microscope with an AxioCam HRc camera (Zeiss, Germany). Other antibodies were used at the following dilutions for immunofluorescence: mouse anti-FASN (SCBT; sc48357)—1:100; rabbit anti-Filaggrin (Covance; PRB-417P)—1:100; rabbit anti-Loricrin (Covance; PRB-145P)—1:100; and mouse anti-K10 (Covance; MMS-159S)—1:100. Alexa fluor (Life Technologies) dye-conjugated secondary antibodies were used at 1:250 dilution.
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4

Immunofluorescent Detection of LOR and KRT10

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The primary antibodies used in this study included a rabbit anti-human LOR antibody (PRB-145P; Covance) for the wild-type LOR protein, a mouse anti-human KRT10 antibody (M7002; DAKO) for the visualization of differentiated keratinocytes, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against synthetic mutant LOR-specific peptide VQIDPPGYH. The secondary antibodies used included an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) antibody (A11008; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an Alexa Fluor 680-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) antibody (A21057; Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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5

Multimodal Analysis of Arf6 mRNA Expression

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After sections were blocked as described in “In situ hybridization”, Arf6 mRNA in the section was sequentially stained with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-DIG antibody and with Fast Red (11 496 549 001, Roche)/0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0. After fluorescence in situ hybridization for Arf6 mRNA, sections were also immunohistochemically stained with first antibodies specific to loricrin (PRB-145P, Covance), keratin1 (PRB-165P, Covance), keratin5 (PRB-160P, Covance), and Ki67 (ab15580, abcam) and with the second antibody Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (Life Technologies) (Fig. 1). Finally, the sections were counterstained with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Molecular probe)/PBS. Images were obtained with Biozero BZ-8000 (Keyence).
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6

Immunostaining of PLA2G2F in Tissue

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5-µm-thick mouse or human tissue sections were incubated with 1x Blockace (DS Pharma BioMedical) in PBS-T for 30 min, washed three times with PBS-T for 5 min each, and incubated with rabbit anti–mouse or –human PLA2G2F antibody (Degousee et al., 2002 (link)) at 1:500–1,000 dilution in a 10-fold-diluted Blockace for overnight at 4°C. The sections were then washed 3 times with PBS-T for 5 min each time and incubated with Alexa Fluor 647–labeled goat anti–rabbit IgG antibody (Molecular Probes; 1:1,000) at 20°C for 1 h. For double immunostaining, the sections were washed three times with PBS-T for 5 min each and incubated with rabbit antibodies against mouse loricrin, cytokeratin 1 and cytokeratin 5 (PRB-145P, PRB-165P and PRB-160P [Covance], respectively; 1:500) prelabeled with Alexa Fluor 555 (Zenon Labeling System; Molecular Probes) at 20°C for 1 h. Counterstaining was performed with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Vector Laboratories). Stained sections were analyzed with a confocal laser-scanning microscope (LSM510 META, Carl Zeiss). Human skin sections were obtained by surgery at Chiba University (Chiba, Japan) after approval by the Faculty ethics committee and informed consents from patients.
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7

Immunohistochemical Staining of FFPE Tissue and Neural Tube Patterning

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Immunohistochemical staining on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections was performed as described previously (Hoelzl et al., 2015 (link)). Briefly, tissue was harvested and fixed in 4% PFA overnight, followed by embedding and sectioning. The following primary antibodies were applied: Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser10, #9701, Cell Signaling, 1:1000), Ki67 (NCL-Ki67p, Leica Biosystems, 1:3000), Trp63 (4A4, sc-8431, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:500), K5 (PRB-160P, Covance, 1:5000), K14 (PRB-155P, Covance, 1:5000), K10 (PRB-159P, Covance, 1:1000), Loricrin (PRB-145P, Covance, 1:200), and alpha-SMA (ab5694, Abcam, 1:500). Analysis of air space and lung tissue was conducted using the Pannoramic MIDI scanner and HistoQuant software (both 3DHISTECH). For assessing neural tube patterning, E9.0 embryos were fixed in 4% PFA for 3 hours or overnight and subsequently immersed in 30% sucrose solution before embedding in Tissue-Tek® OCT (optimal cutting temperature) solution. Samples were cryo-sectioned at 12 μm thickness and incubated with the following primary antibodies: Nkx2.2 (74.5A5, DSHB, 1:20), Pax6 (HPA030775, Sigma, 1:1000), Olig2 (AB9610, Millipore, 1:1000), FoxA2 (4C7, DSHB, 1:10), and Nkx6.1 (F65A2, DSHB, 1:100). Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) were used for detection with the Zeiss LSM880 laser-scanning microscope.
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