Sodium acetate

Lysozyme (≥ 90%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham, UK); FITC-labelled fluorescent Lysozyme (> 90%) was purchased in Ruixi Biology); Chinasodium chloride, acetic acid glacial (> 99.7%) was purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China); sodium acetate (> 99.7%) was purchased from Xilong Scientific (Guangdong, China). Surfactant-free cellulose acetate membrane filter (0.22 µm) was purchased from Green Mall (Jiangsu, China). FDA/PI staining kits were purchased from BestBio (Shanghai, China). De-ionised water was used, and all chemicals were used as received without further purification.

Fresh Lycium ruthenicum Murr. whole fruits were collected from Kuerle, Xinjiang Province in September 2020. Ethanol was purchased from Modern Oriental Fine Chemistry (Beijing, China). Sodium acetate of analytical grade was purchased from XiLong Scientific (Shantou, Guangdong Province, China). Hydrochloric acid of analytical grade, methanol, and formic acid of HPLC grade were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

HPLC-grade acetonitrile and mEthanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The phenolic and organic acid standards used for UPLC-QqQ-MS analysis were all HPLC-grade and purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ethanol, sodium carbonate, cupric sulfate, potassium sulfate, sulphuric acid, sodium acetate, and ferric chloride were purchased from Xilong Science Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The folin-phenol reagent was purchased from Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) was purchased from Sinopharm (Beijing, China). 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS^•+) was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The Total Starch Assay Kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Unless specifically stated, all of the chemicals were of analytical grade.