Zebrafish larvae of each group were collected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) overnight at 4°C, washed 3 times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and infiltrated sequentially with 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% propylene glycol (Sigma, USA) at room temperature for 15 min, respectively. Subsequently, the larvae were stained with 0.5% Oil Red O (Sigma, USA) in 100% propylene glycol in the dark for 1 h at 65°C. Then the samples were destained by soak sequentially in 100%, 80%, 40%, and 20% propylene glycol for 30 min, respectively, and washed 3 times with PBS, followed by storing in 70% glycerol (Sigma, USA) [9 (link)]. The hepatic morphology and lipid droplets in liver were observed and imaged with microscope (Olympus szx10, Tokyo, Japan). In this study, staining shade and liver size were quantized into gray values by Image J software in order to reflect the degree of hepatic steatosis.
Propylene glycol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Spain, Singapore, Macao, China, Canada, Japan, Brazil, Austria, Netherlands, Switzerland
Propylene glycol is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid that is commonly used as a solvent and humectant in various industries. It has a wide range of applications, including in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products. Propylene glycol exhibits low toxicity and is generally recognized as safe for certain applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tween 80, by Merck Group (48 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (44 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (42 mentions)
Glycerol, by Merck Group (28 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (16 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol 400, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Oil red o, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Methylparaben, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Peg400, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Span 80, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Triethanolamine, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Isopropyl myristate, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
395 protocols using propylene glycol
1
Quantitative Analysis of Hepatic Lipid Droplets in Zebrafish
2
Oral 4-NQO induces esophageal cancer
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6-8 week old mice were administered 4-NQO in their drinking water for a continuous period of 20 weeks, unless otherwise noted. For stock solution, 4-NQO powder (Sigma) was dissolved in DMSO at a 50 mg/mL concentration and stored at −20°C until use. Stock solution was dissolved in propylene glycol (Sigma) and added to drinking water for a final concentration of 100 μg/mL 4-NQO in 0.6% propylene glycol. 4-NQO drinking water was replaced weekly.
3
Histological Analysis of Liver Lipids
4
Oil Red O Staining of Uterine Tissue
5
Quercetin Alleviates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Damage
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The ethics committee of the Federal University of Ouro Preto (2015/20) approved all animal experiments, and the experiments were performed according to the rules of animal protection and the ethical principles of the Brazilian Society of the Science in Laboratory Animals (SBCAL).
Forty male C57BL/6 mice (12 weeks old) obtained from the Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition (LABNEX) at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) were housed under controlled conditions (12 h light/dark, 21°C ± 2°C, 50% ± 10% humidity) with access to food and water ad libitum. The mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8 per group): a control group exposed to ambient air (CG), a group that received 200 μL of vehicle solution containing 50% propylene glycol (Sigma Aldrich, Missouri, USA) and 50% saline (VG) by orogastric gavage, a group that received 10 mg/kg/day of quercetin (Sigma Aldrich, Missouri, USA) diluted in 200 μL of propylene glycol solution (QG), a group exposed to cigarette smoke (CSG), and a group administered with quercetin and exposed to cigarette smoke (QCSG). The administration of quercetin was performed via orogastric gavage 1 h before exposure to cigarette smoke [12 (link), 13 (link)].
Forty male C57BL/6 mice (12 weeks old) obtained from the Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition (LABNEX) at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) were housed under controlled conditions (12 h light/dark, 21°C ± 2°C, 50% ± 10% humidity) with access to food and water ad libitum. The mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8 per group): a control group exposed to ambient air (CG), a group that received 200 μL of vehicle solution containing 50% propylene glycol (Sigma Aldrich, Missouri, USA) and 50% saline (VG) by orogastric gavage, a group that received 10 mg/kg/day of quercetin (Sigma Aldrich, Missouri, USA) diluted in 200 μL of propylene glycol solution (QG), a group exposed to cigarette smoke (CSG), and a group administered with quercetin and exposed to cigarette smoke (QCSG). The administration of quercetin was performed via orogastric gavage 1 h before exposure to cigarette smoke [12 (link), 13 (link)].
6
AZ20 Pharmacokinetic Assessment in Mice
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AZ20 was reconstituted in 10% DMSO (Sigma), 40% propylene glycol (Sigma), and 50% water. Control mice were treated with 10% DMSO (Sigma), 40% propylene glycol (Sigma), and 50% water. Wild-type C57BL/6 male mice aged to 8–12 weeks old were gavaged with 50 mg/kg of AZ20 (Selleckchem) and euthanized at indicated time points. Specific time points examined in this study include collection after 2.5 or 3 days of 50 mg/kg of AZ20 per day or 4 hr after one dose of 50 mg/kg of AZ20.
7
Rimonabant and THC Dose Preparation
8
AZ20 Pharmacokinetics in Mice
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AZ20 was reconstituted in 10% DMSO (Sigma), 40% propylene glycol (Sigma), and 50% water. Control mice were treated with 10% DMSO (Sigma), 40% propylene glycol (Sigma), and 50% water. Wild-type C57BL/6 male mice aged to 8 weeks-old were gavaged with 50mg/kg of AZ20 (Selleckchem) and euthanized at indicated time points. Specific timepoints examined in this study include collection after 3 days of 50mg/kg, 2.5 days of 50mg/kg per day or 4 hours after one dose of 50mg/kg AZ20. All mice used for this study were handled following federal and institutional guidelines under a protocol approved by the Institutional Anima Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Cornell University.
9
Associative Conditioning of Facial Perception
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Seventy-eight neutral male faces were used as CS. They were obtained from various face databases (The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (Lundqvist et al., 1998) , the NimStim faces (Tottenham et al., 2009) (link), the Feret database (Phillips et al., 2000 (Phillips et al., , 1998) ) and from our own institute's database. The hair in the images was cropped, and pictures were converted to grayscale using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA). Propylene glycol (neutral odor; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), AND (suggested positive chemosignal, 46 ppm dissolved in Propylene glycol; Steraloids Inc., Newport, Rhode Island, USA), and VAN (positive odor, 400 mg dissolved to 10 ml Propylene glycol; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) were used as US.
A custom-made olfactometric stimulator described in Steinberg et al. (2012) (link) was used for odor presentation. The flexible tubes that oriented the odorated airflow toward the participant's nostrils were made of the inert material Teflon to prevent chemical reactions between odors and tubes. To assess the ideal moment of odor presentation, participants wore a custom-made respiration belt that measured chest extension during inhalation. Inhalation frequency and amplitude was thus assessed, allowing US odor presentation during inhalation.
A custom-made olfactometric stimulator described in Steinberg et al. (2012) (link) was used for odor presentation. The flexible tubes that oriented the odorated airflow toward the participant's nostrils were made of the inert material Teflon to prevent chemical reactions between odors and tubes. To assess the ideal moment of odor presentation, participants wore a custom-made respiration belt that measured chest extension during inhalation. Inhalation frequency and amplitude was thus assessed, allowing US odor presentation during inhalation.
10
Itraconazole-Loaded Polymer Dispersions
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Itraconazole (Sigma-Aldrich), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Mw=72000, (Merck) , Tween 80, Tween 20, Span 60 (Merck), Eumulgin CO40 (BASF), Cremophor RH 60 (BASF), Pluronic F127 (BASF), propylene glycol (PG) (Merck), benzyl benzoate (BB) (Merck), methanol (Merck), dichloromethane (DCM) (Merck), ethanol (Merck). Sabouraud 4% Dextrose Agar (SDA) (Merck), Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate (Merck). Deionized distilled water was prepared using an in-house distillation assembly.
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Itraconazole (Sigma-Aldrich), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Mw=72000, (Merck
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