Linearity of creatinine, valine and myo-inositol NMR measurements were determined according to CLSI guideline EP6-A [33 ]. To generate a low-level fraction, an aliquot of this serum was cleared of small metabolites by dialysis against 1× PBS supplemented with 10 mg/dL of sodium-(L) Lactate as described above. To generate a very high-level fraction, another aliquot of the serum was supplemented with creatinine (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), valine (Sigma Aldrich) and myo-inositol (Sigma Aldrich) to final concentrations >1 mmol/L for creatinine and valine, and >0.4 mmol/L for myo-inositol. A total of 11 equidistant concentration levels were prepared by linear intermixture of the high- and low-level fractions ranging from 100% high level to 0% low level, as recommended [33 ].
Valine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Spain, Italy
Valine is a laboratory chemical used as an essential amino acid in cell culture and biochemical research applications. It serves as a building block for proteins and plays a role in various metabolic processes. Valine is commonly used in cell culture media formulations to support cell growth and proliferation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Isoleucine, by Merck Group (41 mentions)
Leucine, by Merck Group (41 mentions)
Phenylalanine, by Merck Group (39 mentions)
Alanine, by Merck Group (37 mentions)
Tyrosine, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
Threonine, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Proline, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Serine, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Methionine, by Merck Group (30 mentions)
Glycine, by Merck Group (29 mentions)
Histidine, by Merck Group (26 mentions)
Glutamine, by Merck Group (25 mentions)
Glutamic acid, by Merck Group (25 mentions)
Tryptophan, by Merck Group (24 mentions)
Aspartic acid, by Merck Group (24 mentions)
Cysteine, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Asparagine, by Merck Group (17 mentions)
Urea, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (7 mentions)
86 protocols using valine
1
Linearity Evaluation of NMR Metabolites
2
Electrochemical Sensor Fabrication
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Analytical grade resorcinol (RC), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), zinc (II) chloride (ZnCl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL), graphite fine powder extra pure, and extra pure paraffin obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Glucose, ascorbic acid, phenylalanine, methionine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, urea, and thiourea obtained from Merck. Phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) with the desired pH values prepared using 0.1 M H3PO4 and 0.1 M NaOH solutions.
3
Amino Acid Spectrophotometric Analysis
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All
reagents were of analytical
grade and used without further purification. All of the reagents were
prepared using Millipore water (18.2 MΩ·cm). Proline (99%),l -leucine (98%), phenylalanine (98%), threonine (98%), arginine
(98%), asparagine (98%), glycine (99%), valine (98%), alanine (98%),
methionine (98%), tryptophan (98%), histidine (98%), acrylamide (99%),
NaOH, CH3COONa·3H2O (99.5%), Na2HPO4·H2O (99%), NaH2PO4·2H2O (99%), and KCl (99%) were purchased
from Merck. Methylene blue monohydrate (96%) was purchased from Acros;
HCl (33–37%) and (NH4)2SO4 (99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific.
reagents were of analytical
grade and used without further purification. All of the reagents were
prepared using Millipore water (18.2 MΩ·cm). Proline (99%),
(98%), asparagine (98%), glycine (99%), valine (98%), alanine (98%),
methionine (98%), tryptophan (98%), histidine (98%), acrylamide (99%),
NaOH, CH3COONa·3H2O (99.5%), Na2HPO4·H2O (99%), NaH2PO4·2H2O (99%), and KCl (99%) were purchased
from Merck. Methylene blue monohydrate (96%) was purchased from Acros;
HCl (33–37%) and (NH4)2SO4 (99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific.
4
Antioxidant Compound Characterization
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Methanol (HPLC gradient grade) and tetrachloroethylene (synthesis grade) were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Triethylamine (analysis quality) and phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) of reagent grade were supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain); 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and anthrone (reagent grade) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid (synthesis grade) and amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, arginine, proline, valine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine) were provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Phenolic compounds were supplied as follows: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (−) epicatechin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and (+) catechin by Sigma–Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany), and rutin and gentisic acid by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
5
Preparation of Anaerobic Stock Solutions
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Stock solutions of Casamino Acids (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI), alanine (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), aspartate (Merck), glutamate (Merck), glycine (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany), leucine (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany), threonine (Merck), tyrosine (Merck), valine (Merck), ribose (Sigma-Aldrich), formate (Sigma-Aldrich), succinate (Sigma-Aldrich), and glucose (AppliChem) were prepared with anoxic sodium phosphate buffer (36 mM, pH 7 [pH was adjusted with NaOH]). Solutions were filter sterilized (0.22-μm pore size, cellulose-acetate membrane) into sterile anoxic 100-ml serum vials that were crimp sealed with sterile butyl-rubber stoppers (Glasgerätebau Ochs Laborfachhandel e.K., Bovenden, Germany [product number 102049]); the vials were then flushed 10 min with sterile argon (100%).
6
Amino Acid-coated Gold Nanoparticles and PC12 Cell Viability
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Cell culture medium, RPMI 1640 (Caisson Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA), fetal bovine serum (Caisson Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA), horse serum (Gibco Company, Grand Island, NY, USA), Solutions streptomycin (CMG Company, Isfahan, Iran), penicillin and Trypsin / EDTA (Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland) , Cell culture plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark), Tetrachloroauric acid (Sigma, MO, USA), L-aspartic acid (Sigma, MO, USA), L- glutamic acid (Sigma, MO, USA), L- tryptophan (Sigma, MO, USA), L- phenylalanine (Sigma, MO, USA), L- valine (Sigma, MO, USA), Trisodium citrate (Sigma, MO, USA), Trypan blue (Sigma, MO, USA), Sodium azide (Sigma, USA), Congo red (Sigma, MO, USA), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-MTT (Sigma, Germany), Acridine orange (AO) and Ethidium bromide (EtBr) (AB, Uppsala, Sweden), PC12 cell line from the Pasteur Institute of Iran, 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
In this empirical study, the effect of five amino acids contains , phenylalanine-coated, tryptophan-coated, glutamate-coated, aspartate-coated and valine-coated gold nanoparticles on type and death rate of PC12 cancer cells was investigated.
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Cell culture medium, RPMI 1640 (Caisson Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA), fetal bovine serum (Caisson Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA), horse serum (Gibco Company, Grand Island, NY, USA), Solutions streptomycin (CMG Company, Isfahan, Iran), penicillin and Trypsin / EDTA (Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland) , Cell culture plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark), Tetrachloroauric acid (Sigma, MO, USA), L-aspartic acid (Sigma, MO, USA), L- glutamic acid (Sigma, MO, USA), L- tryptophan (Sigma, MO, USA), L- phenylalanine (Sigma, MO, USA), L- valine (Sigma, MO, USA), Trisodium citrate (Sigma, MO, USA), Trypan blue (Sigma, MO, USA), Sodium azide (Sigma, USA), Congo red (Sigma, MO, USA), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-MTT (Sigma, Germany), Acridine orange (AO) and Ethidium bromide (EtBr) (AB, Uppsala, Sweden), PC12 cell line from the Pasteur Institute of Iran, 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
In this empirical study, the effect of five amino acids contains , phenylalanine-coated, tryptophan-coated, glutamate-coated, aspartate-coated and valine-coated gold nanoparticles on type and death rate of PC12 cancer cells was investigated.
7
Graphene Oxide-Based Aptamer Biosensor
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The CFX aminated aptamers used in this experiment have been obtained from Bioneer (South Korea) with the following sequences:23 (link)(5′-NH2 modified) 5′-ATACCAGCTTATTCAATTGCAGGGTATCTGAGGCTTGA
TCTACTAAATGTCGTGGGGCATTGCTATTGGCGTTGATACGTACAATCGTAA
TCAGTTAG-3′.
The polyethyleneimine (PEI, branched, Mw 10 000) and graphene oxide (GO) powder were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Tris–HCl (hydroxymethyl), MCH (mercaptoethanol), disodium hydrogen orthophosphate, potassium ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN)6, potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(iii ) hydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), potassium chloride (KCl), serine, valine, cysteine, methionine, and glutamine were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Supporting electrolyte was freshly prepared at pH = 7.4 in concentration of 0.01 M K4Fe(CN)6/K3Fe(CN)6 (1 : 1) with 0.1 M KCl solution. Other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade and utilized without further purification. Local and pasteurized milk samples from different supermarkets were randomly collected in Tabriz, Iran.
TCTACTAAATGTCGTGGGGCATTGCTATTGGCGTTGATACGTACAATCGTAA
TCAGTTAG-3′.
The polyethyleneimine (PEI, branched, Mw 10 000) and graphene oxide (GO) powder were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Tris–HCl (hydroxymethyl), MCH (mercaptoethanol), disodium hydrogen orthophosphate, potassium ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN)6, potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(
8
Analytical-Grade Chemical Reagent Protocol
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Chemicals of analytical-grade reagents were used throughout the research, devoid of further purification. Double-distilled water was used for the preparation of solutions. The glasswares used during the experimental work were sanitized in nitric acid (HNO3) (0.1 N) (E. Merck, Germany), and then rinsed with double-distilled water and desiccated in a preheated oven (110°C). Sodium-tetrahydridoborate and magnesium carbonate were purchased from Fluka Switzerland; silver nitrate, sodium acetate, and sodium chloride from Scharlu, Spain; hydrochloric acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, L-tyrosine, pyrollol, gallic acid, L-cystein, valine, lucine, arginine, glutamine, guanidine, cadaverine and guanidine were obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.
Besides, putrescine dihydrochloride was purchased from Aladdin China. To maintain sensor application under suitable pH values in the experimental work, buffers ranging from 1 -10 were prepared. 33
Besides, putrescine dihydrochloride was purchased from Aladdin China. To maintain sensor application under suitable pH values in the experimental work, buffers ranging from 1 -10 were prepared. 33
9
Characterization of Analytical Test Materials
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Acetone, amoxicillin (AMO),
lysine (Lys), gentamicin (GEN), clarithromycin (CLA), tyrosine (TYR),
aspartic acid (ASP), threonine (THR), tryptophan (TRY), valine (VAL),
tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; HP), ethane (ET),
pentane (PN), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetic anhydride, sodium hydroxide
(NaOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sodium chlorite (NaClO2), were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, and Fluka. Distilled
water was utilized for all of the experimental procedures. Wahttman
(off-white) paper strips were supplied from Merck (Egypt). The paper
strips were characterized by a diameter of 240 mm, thickness of 180
μm, pore size of 11 μm, and weight of 87 g/m2.
lysine (Lys), gentamicin (GEN), clarithromycin (CLA), tyrosine (TYR),
aspartic acid (ASP), threonine (THR), tryptophan (TRY), valine (VAL),
tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; HP), ethane (ET),
pentane (PN), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetic anhydride, sodium hydroxide
(NaOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sodium chlorite (NaClO2), were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, and Fluka. Distilled
water was utilized for all of the experimental procedures. Wahttman
(off-white) paper strips were supplied from Merck (Egypt). The paper
strips were characterized by a diameter of 240 mm, thickness of 180
μm, pore size of 11 μm, and weight of 87 g/m2.
10
Quantitative Analysis of Antioxidants
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The chemicals [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid); 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine], reagents (Folin–Ciocalteu reagent), standards: ferulic acid, ellagic acid, proline, tyrosine, glycine, lysine, histidine, leucine, aspartic acid, valine were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St., MO, USA), Elisa kits for testosterone and estradiol from Abbexa (Cambridge, UK) and buffer components (chloroform, ethyl acetate, formic acid, ethanol, 1-butanol, 2-propanol, boric acid) were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland SA (APM, Gliwice, Poland).
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