L1 worms were grown on wars-1 RNAi or the control RNAi (HT115). To treat worms with a high concentration of Trp, the L4 stage worms grown on HT115 bacteria were transferred to NGM plates supplemented with 100 mM L-tryptophan (ab146400, Abcam). After 24 h of exposure, adult worms were collected from the plates and were washed 3 times with M9. Worms were then lysed using 200 mg of 180 µm glass beads (G1152, Sigma-Aldrich) and a bead-beating apparatus (BEAD MILL 4, Fisher Scientific) in 250 µl of water. Bead-beating was done six times, with each round lasting 30 s at maximum speed (5 m/s), with 20-second intervals on ice. To extract the metabolites, 700 µl of acetonitrile (34851, Honeywell) was added to each tube to have the final acetonitrile concentration of 70%. The bead-beating process was repeated six times, each lasting 30 s at maximum speed (5 m/s). Samples were then transferred to fresh 2 ml tubes and centrifuged at 21,000 g for 10 min at 10 degrees Celsius to pellet protein. The clear supernatants, which contain metabolites, were isolated. The protein pellets were used to measure the protein content using the Bradford assay, which was later used to normalize the metabolomics data.
Acetonitrile
Manufactured by Honeywell
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, Spain, China, United Kingdom, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile liquid commonly used as a solvent in various laboratory applications. It is a polar aprotic solvent with a high dielectric constant, making it suitable for a range of chemical reactions and analytical procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Honeywell (86 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (43 mentions)
Formic acid, by Honeywell (20 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Honeywell (11 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Acetone, by Honeywell (10 mentions)
Lc ms grade water, by Honeywell (10 mentions)
Lc ms grade methanol, by Honeywell (9 mentions)
Ethanol, by Honeywell (9 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Honeywell (8 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Honeywell (8 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
2 propanol, by Honeywell (7 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Ammonium formate, by Honeywell (6 mentions)
215 protocols using acetonitrile
1
Metabolomic Analysis of Tryptophan-Treated Worms
2
Synthesis of Myoglobin-based Carbon Monoxide Sensor
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The following chemicals,
reagents, and solvents were obtained from commercial sources and used
as received: (for synthesis) molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Fluka, Buchs,
Switzerland), pyrazine (>99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck Life Science
S.L.U.,
Portugal), toluene (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), acetonitrile (99.9%, Riedel-de
Haën, Seelze, Germany); (for the myoglobin assay) Mb from equine
skeletal muscle (95–100%, lyophilized powder), sodium dithionite,
and HEPES buffer (99.5%) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The
gases used in this work were carbon monoxide (≥ 99.0% purity,
Sigma-Aldrich) and nitrogen (Alphagaz Nitrogen type 1, 99.999% (H2O < 3 ppm, O2 < 2 ppm), AirLiquide, Algés,
Portugal).
reagents, and solvents were obtained from commercial sources and used
as received: (for synthesis) molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Fluka, Buchs,
Switzerland), pyrazine (>99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck Life Science
S.L.U.,
Portugal), toluene (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), acetonitrile (99.9%, Riedel-de
Haën, Seelze, Germany); (for the myoglobin assay) Mb from equine
skeletal muscle (95–100%, lyophilized powder), sodium dithionite,
and HEPES buffer (99.5%) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The
gases used in this work were carbon monoxide (≥ 99.0% purity,
Sigma-Aldrich) and nitrogen (Alphagaz Nitrogen type 1, 99.999% (H2O < 3 ppm, O2 < 2 ppm), AirLiquide, Algés,
Portugal).
3
Melatonin and Formic Acid Analysis
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Melatonin and formic acid,
both of analytical grade, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany.l -Tryptophan and serotonin were obtained from Fluka, Germany.
Acetic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile (ACN) were obtained from Riedel-de-Haen.
Ultrapure water was obtained using an Elix 3 (Millipore) system. All
of the solutions were protected from light and stored at 4 °C.
Syringe-driven filter units (0.2 μm) (Chromafil, PTFE, Macherey-Nagel)
were used for the filtration of all samples before HPLC analysis.
both of analytical grade, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany.
Acetic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile (ACN) were obtained from Riedel-de-Haen.
Ultrapure water was obtained using an Elix 3 (Millipore) system. All
of the solutions were protected from light and stored at 4 °C.
Syringe-driven filter units (0.2 μm) (Chromafil, PTFE, Macherey-Nagel)
were used for the filtration of all samples before HPLC analysis.
4
Tiamulin Residue Analysis in Food
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The following reagents were used: tiamulin, standard substance (Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH—Augsburg, Germany), disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA dihydrate; Sigma—Livonia, MI, USA), anhydrous citric acid p.a. (Panreac—Barcelona, Spain), pure trichloroacetic acid, 99%, (Fluka -France), disodium phosphate anhydrous (Na2HPO4) p.a. (Panreac), acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, 98–100% (Riedel-de Haen—Nottingham, UK), trichloroacetic acid, 20% (m/v).
The extraction solution is McIlvaine–EDTA buffer 0.1 M at pH 4, stable for a week. Standard stock solutions (1000 µg/mL) in methanol were prepared, stable for 6 months at −20 °C. On the day of use, 5 standard calibration solutions (0.05; 0.1; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 μg/mL) were prepared in control sample extract (matrix) corresponding to 25–500 μg/kg.
The extraction solution is McIlvaine–EDTA buffer 0.1 M at pH 4, stable for a week. Standard stock solutions (1000 µg/mL) in methanol were prepared, stable for 6 months at −20 °C. On the day of use, 5 standard calibration solutions (0.05; 0.1; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 μg/mL) were prepared in control sample extract (matrix) corresponding to 25–500 μg/kg.
5
Analytical Method for Sildenafil Quantification
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Sildenafil powder was obtained from Medical Union Pharmaceuticals (Ismailia, Egypt), and propyl parapen was obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile, methanol, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphoric acids were purchased from (Riedel-De Haen, Seelze, Germany). All solvents were high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade. Diethyl ether of analytical grade was obtained from Honil Ltd (London, UK). The sildenafil 50-mg tablet (Viagra® 50 mg; Pfizer, Giza, Egypt) was purchased from the local market.
6
HPLC-Grade Chemicals for Analytical Research
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Methanol, acetonitrile (both HPLC grade), dichloromethane (puriss.) and ammonium acetate (analytical reagent) were purchased from Riedel‐de Haën. Ultrapure water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm was obtained with a Synergy 185 system from Millipore. The purities and suppliers of the standard compounds are shown in Supporting Information (Table S1 ).
7
Characterization of Aspergillus sydowii
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A. sydowii BCRC 31742 was purchased from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC) in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The GlcN standard (D-(+)-GlcN hydrochloride, 99% in purity), 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate (98% in purity), and 3,5-dinitrobenzonitrile (97% in purity) were purchased from Sigma (ST. Louis, MO., USA). HPLC-grade reagents pyridine (99.5% in purity) and acetonitrile (99.8% in purity) were purchased from Riedel-de Haen (Seelze, Germany) and Mallinckrodt Chemicals (Bedminster, NJ, USA), respectively. The compound medium contained molasses (Light Green, Taoyuan, Taiwan), soybean hydrolysate (L. Seatex Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan), NaCl (Mallinckrodt, Bedminster, NJ, USA), KH2PO4 (Riedel-de Haen, Seelze, Germany), and MgSO4·7H2O (R.D.H, Germany). Wheat bran was purchased from Ti Yi Industrial (Taoyuan, Taiwan).
8
Citrinin HPLC Quantification Protocol
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Citrinin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Bellefonte, PA, USA, Cat. No: C1017) at the purity of ≥98%. A standard stock solution was prepared at a concentration of 50 µg/mL in methanol, and kept at 4 °C. Then, the HPLC standard solutions were prepared by serial dilutions at the concentration range of 0.25-100 ng/mL in the mobile phase. The mobile phase was freshly prepared by mixing water:acetonitrile: 2-propanol (65:30:5, v:v:v), and pH was adjusted to 2.95 with ortho-phosphoric acid. HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and other analytical grade reagents were purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Seelze, Germany) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
9
Comprehensive DNA Extraction and Amplification
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All reagents and chemicals used were liquid chromatography or analytical grade. Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Merck (Germany), acetonitrile and methanol from Riedel-de Haën (Germany) and ammonium formate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, periodic acid and acetic acid from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Ultra-pure water was obtained from a Purite Select Neptune system (Suez Water, United Kingdom). Tissue gDNA Isolation Kit, TE Buffer, magnesium chloride, dNTP solutions, Supreme Taq DNA polymerase, DNA ladders, GreenSafe staining and sterile water were purchased from Nzytech (Portugal), NucleoSpin Tissue kit from Macherey-Nagel GmbH and Co. KG (Germany). TAE Solution and agarose were obtained from Merck (Germany) and ME15/Me16 and COI primers from Stabvida (Portugal).
10
Analytical Standards for Mass Spectrometry
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For information regarding the reference standards used for QTOF and LTQ Orbitrap analysis (see Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM), Section 2.1). HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH), ammonia solution (25%), formic acid (HCOOH, 98-100%) were acquired from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain) and acetonitrile for LC-MS, from Riedel de Haen (Seelze, Germany). HPLC-grade water was obtained by purifying demineralised water in a Milli-Q plus system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). SPE cartridges used were Oasis HLB 3 mL (60 mg) from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). 0.45 µm mixed cellulose ester membrane filters and 1.6 µm GF/A glass microfiber filters were purchased from Whatman (Kent, UK).
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